Our study confirmed that DI could be a sign of early MMs and underlined that RCM could be a good tool to discriminate MMs and naevi in the presence of DI because it can identify the presence of cytological atypia.

Xanthelasma are cholesterol-filled, soft, yellow plaques that usually appear on the medial aspects of the eyelids bilaterally. They are always benign lesions so therapy is usually undertaken only for cosmetic reasons. Surgical excision, chemical peeling with tricholoroacetic acid, and laser ablation are commonly used treatments. Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy is a potentially effective but rarely used treatment due to the risk of intense eyelid swelling. We report on our experience with four of our patients, and propose an explanation for the effectiveness of gentle liquid nitrogen spray cryotherapy in xanthelasma. We consider that gentle liquid nitrogen cryotherapy should be used in the treatment of xanthelasma due to the ease of application and low risk of adverse effects.

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Nail-patella syndrome is a rare disorder. The aim of the present study is to highlight the importance of nail examination in children with skeletal dysplasias, in order to diagnose the NPS.