The hepato-protective effect of Telfaria occidentalis leaves supplementation on paracetamol induced liver toxicity in wistar rats was investigated. A total of forty Wistar (female and male) rats weighing between 150-250g were selected for the study. The animals were randomly divided into four groups of five animals each. Animals in group 1 and 2 received standard chow only while animals in group 3 and 4 received 5% and 10% T. occidentalis supplementation in their feed respectively for six weeks. Group 2, 3 and 4 were administered 3000 mg/kg bodyweight of paracetamol intraperitoneally after six weeks. The animals were sacrificed after 24hours of induction and the liver was harvested for analysis. Alanine transaminase, Aspartate Transaminase and Alkaline Phosphatase, total protein, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were measured in the liver homogenate following standard methods. A significant decrease in the level of ALT, AST and ALP, Bilirubin and increased total protein in group 3 and 4 were observed when compared with group 2. This study showed that T. occidentalis leaves possess protective potential on the liver when supplemented in the diet thereby preventing deleterious effects that might arose from paracetamol overdose or overuse. The study concluded that the protective effect of the leaves on the liver is percentage supplementation (dose) dependent.

The accessibility of quality water is an essential factor for preventing diseases and improving good quality of life. The physico-chemical parameters of sachet and borehole water in some selected locations of Imota Community of Lagos State was studied. Physico-chemical parameters such as colour, temperature, pH, salinity, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) and heavy metals such as copper, magnesium, manganese and cadmium were determined following standard methods. All water samples were colourlesss with a temperature range of 27.1oC to 29oC at the point of collection. The physico-chemical properties ranges were: salinity (0.01–3.8), pH (2.10–7.52), electrical conductivity (1.5–200 μS/cm), micro voltage (22.7–184) and total dissolved solids (19.8–576 mg/L). Caleb University Ventures water was the only sample with a neutral pH of 7.52. The concentrations of metals in the selected water samples were within the permissible limit of USEPA (2022) and WHO (2017) guidelines. The study showed that physical water quality parameters such as pH, salinity, EC and TDS have variations at different locations, which suggests that different soil types, storage systems and environmental activities could interfere with the physico-chemical parameters. The water samples from Imota Community had low level of pollutants as indicated by the physico-chemical properties of the water. However, standard methods of water treatment should be maintained by the community to ensure the purity of water available for domestic use, so that problems commonly associated with impure and unclean water can be averted.