In their paper, the authors studied sequence of development and importance of leadership, military management as the basis of effective management of the military organization. The emphasis was placed on the managerial qualities of a modern military commander as a leader of a military organization. Leading talent for military commanders was announced on the example of Sun Tsu and Alexander Suvorov. It is stated that charismatic leadership as a special type of leadership is based neither merely on the law and the constitution as in legitimate leadership, nor on tradition as in traditional leadership, but solely on the special talent of a charismatic leader capable of enchanting and leading a mass of people. The authors suggested three groups of elements of the leader's image in relation to the political leader are outlined, namely, personal characteristics – physical, psycho-physiological features, his character, type of personality, individual style of decision making; social characteristics – the status of a leader associated with the official position, as well as related to the origin, wealth, etc. in the paper it is singled out the main psychological and pedagogical properties of the military commander and his functions in modern military management.
Purpose. To study the effect of the planting date on the number of the lodged stalks, place of stem breaking and productivity of corn hybrids of various maturity groups. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical. Results. In the studies, three planting dates were studied, in particular, early date with the soil temperature regime (STR) at the seeding depth of + 8°С, mid date with STR – + 10°С and late date with STR – + 12°С for corn hybrids of different maturity groups (early group – Kharkivskyi 195MV, DКС 2870, DКС 2960, DКС 2949, DКС 2787, DКС 2971 (st), mid-early group – DКС 3476, DКС 3795, DКС 3472, DКС 3420, Pereiaslavskyi 230SV, DКС 3871 (st) and mid group – DК 391, DКС 3511, DК 440, DКС 4964, DКС 4626, DК 315 (st) and their effect on the productivity and number of the lodged stalks after a 15-day overripe in the field after full maturity of kernels. According to the research results, the number of lodged stalks in the group of early hybrids was 11.1%, in the group of mid-early hybrids – 9.0%, and in the group of mid hybrids – 6.2%. So that hybrids with a longer growing season had higher lodging resistance than early forms due to better developed mechanical tissue of the lower stem. A significant change in the number of the lodged stalks was observed in the maturity groups depending on the genetic features of the hybrid (factor B). Hence, over the years of research, in the group of early hybrids, the smallest number of the lodged stalks, was observed in such hybrids as DKC 2960 – 4.9% and DKC 2971 – 7.4%, in the group of mid-early hybrids – DKC 3476 – 4.6% and Pereiaslavskyi 230SV – 8.2%, and in the group of mid hybrids – DKC 4964 – 3.6%, DKC 4626 – 4.9%, DK 391 – 5.1% and DK 440 – 5.8%. The research results also established the effect of the planting date on the productivity and number of the lodged stalks in the studied corn hybrids. Thus, on average over three years, under early planting, the number of the lodged stalks in the group of early hybrids was 17.1%, in the group of mid-early hybrids – 14.3%, and in the group of mid hybrids – 10.4%, whereas when applying the second planting date the number of the lodged stalks was 10.5%, 7.3% and 6.1%, while under late planting date – 5.6%, 5.4% and 2.2%, respectively, for the early, mid-early and mid hybrid group of hybrids. Conclusions. Therefore, according to the research results it can be concluded that later planting date reduces both the total number of the lodged stalks (by 8.2-11.5%) compared with the early sowing and the number of plants that have lodged below the place of cob formation (by 6.6-9.9%). The smallest number of the lodged stalks (6.2%) was observed in the hybrids of the mid group of maturity compared to the mid-early group (9.0%) and early group (11.1%) of hybrids. The same was observed with the number of the plants that have lodged below the cob – 3.3%, 5.8% and 6.0%. There has been established the dependence between the yield and number of the lodged stalks depending on the planting time, so that the yield ranged within 8,4-9,4 t/ha in the group of early hybrids under early planting , 7.2-8.7 t/ha under mid one, 6.4-7.7 t/ha under late one, and the number of fall lodged stalks – 17.1%, 10.5% and 5.6% respectively under early planting, mid planting and late planting, in the mid-early group – 9.7-10.9 t/ha, under mid planting – 8.7-10.0 t/ha, late – 7.2-8.6 t/ha, and the number of the lodged stalks – 14.3%, 7.3 % and 5.4% and mid hybrids –11.5, 10.2 and 9.2 t/ha and 10.4, 6.1 and 2.2%, respectively. According to the factor analysis, it has been established that the planting date makes a significant contribution (17% of the total contribution) to the lodging resistance of plants of corn hybrids. The number of the lodged stalks varies considerably depending on the conditions of heat and moisture supply. An increase in the number of the lodged stalks was observed in 2012 (11.6%), compared to 2011 (10.8%) and 2013 (3.9%) due to the moisture deficiency during the growing season of corn that year.
The barley is traditionally one of the leading cereal crops and occupies significant areas in Ukraine. However, despite the great potential of crop productivity, the yield and gross harvests of its grain are low and unstable by year, which is due to a complex of meteorological, agrobiological and agro-technical factors. The cumulative manifestation of negative factors or phenomena, or the significant prevalence of one of them, determines the size of the annual crop failure. The research was to identify the agrobiological features of spring barley and define the need to develop effective technological measures for its cultivation, aimed at increasing the adaptability of plants to adverse environmental conditions, taking into account the variation of weather factors, the genotype of the variety, its response to the use of micro and macro-fertilizers appropriate doses, methods and timing of their use depending on the preceding crops (winter wheat, corn a) in the conditions of economy. To achieve this goal it was supposed to solve the following problems: - to establish the influence of technological measures of cultivation on field germination and density of standing plants of spring barley; - to investigate the features of growth, development and formation of the density of plant stem depending on the precursor and the use of micro- and macro-fertilizers and biological products; - to find out the influence of complex application of mineral fertilizers and biological products on assimilation activity and water consumption of crops - determine the growth rate of the above-ground mass of plants under the influence of the investigated agromeasures; - to identify the peculiarities of the elements formation of the ear structure, yield and quality of grain under the influence of the complex action of agro-technical factors; The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the fact that, for the first time, , the patterns of plant growth and development, the productivity of barley spring variety Sovir are revealed in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of the Right Bank. It is theoretically substantiated and experimentally proved the possibility of stabilizing the productivity of spring barley crops by enhancing the adaptive functions of plants by selecting preceding crops, using biological products and fertilizers. The results of the influence of the complex application of micro- and macro-fertilizers and biological products on the growth processes of spring barley, the peculiarities of the increase of the above-ground mass of plants, the formation of elements of the structure of the yield, the economic evaluation of the studies. Key words: barley, hydrothermal conditions, inoculation, structural analysis, grain, yield.
The research aimed to study the radioprotective and sorption properties of beespine, which refers to the bodies of bees that die during the winter season. The goal was to expand the range of applications for beespine by exploring its potential as a source of radioprotective and sorption properties. The study found that beespine contains biologically active substances, including melitin, melanin, and sulfur-containing amino acids. These substances exhibited radioprotective and sorption properties, which could potentially be beneficial when ingested by quails as part of their feed mixture. Overall, the research suggests that beespine has the potential to be used in various applications beyond its current use as a waste product from beekeeping. Its radioprotective and sorption properties could have practical uses in areas such as animal feed and potentially even in human medicine. In particular, it was observed an increase in the lifespan of quails from 1.5 to 2.2 times with a content of 2 to 7.5% of beespine in the form of a powdered biological mass in the feed mixture after their fractional local irradiation of gamma rays with a total dose of 90 gr, compared to the poultry, in the diet of which there was no beespine. It was also determined that the removal from the bodies of quails with indigestible feed remains (droppings) of 137 Cs by 6.6 p.p., 90 Sr by 18.7 p.p., Pb by 15.3 p.p. and Cd by 34.6 p.p., respectively, was observed to be higher when adding the beespine (3%) in their diet. It was found a lower level of 137 Cs by 32.7%, Pb by 53.2% and Cd by 20.0% in their muscle tissue, compared to their analogues that were not fed beespine.
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