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It is shown that a new type of electrode is obtained during the process of electrospark doping of the aluminum alloy surfaces, the microstructure of which is a mechanical mixture consisting of grains of high-melting component surrounded by a thin grid of low-melting component, which makes it possible to obtain micro- and nanowires made of low-melting component in the coating and leads to a significant improvement of the wear resistance of the coating. If the specified proportions of the components of the electrode are changed, micro- and nanowires will not be formed in the coating.