A separate theoretical and legal study should be devoted to essential features of legal consciousness of Muslims, which will be based on the study of perception of positive law through the prism of Islamic religious and legal doctrine. It is advisable to start the basis of this study with definition of its main structural element - the types of Muslim legal consciousness. Consideration of this issue from the standpoint of natural law will expand the traditional boundaries of theory of modern legal consciousness, open up additional applied and scientific horizons and, using the example of Islam, allow us to consider peculiarities of religious influence on legal consciousness of various categories of citizens. Knowledge of foundations of Muslim law, procedure for formation of moral and social religious attitudes, interpretation of religious canons and dogmas contribute to a better understanding of many processes taking place within Russian Muslim community and can form the basis of mechanism for formation of moral legal consciousness, which must be opposed, in its turn, to radical and criminalized forms of religious consciousness.