The objective of this empirical study is to conduct a survey among linguistics students and teachers teaching English to non-linguistics students in order to identify possible obstacles to the speaking practice development. The purpose of the study is identification the factors forming obstacles to the speaking practice development from teachers and students’ point of view and correlate them with each other in order to improve the teaching speaking skills. A total of 680 students and 125 teachers participated in the survey. This study is based on a survey of respondents and analysis of its results. Teachers identified the following challenges: class heterogeneity; low motivation; the lack of awareness of the importance of speaking for learning English; and the lack of conditions encouraging the speaking practice. The survey of linguistics students identified the following challenges: the lack of spontaneous speaking, сommunication with native speakers, non-applicability of speech skills in real life, the overall climate in the classroom. The research results can be practically used for improving the educational environment for acquiring spoken language skills and as a basis for other studies in the field of learning environment and English proficiency.   Keywords: communication skills, English, language learning, speaking practice, spoken English.

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 apandemic. Despite a large number of scientific publications concerning the clinical picture and trea tment methods, data on structural changes of internal organs in COVID-19 is still insufficient. This review presents and analyzes several clinical cases published by research groups in various countries. COVID-19 infection is caused by a SARS-CoV-2 virus that binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ACE2 receptor. Interaction with this receptor is the initial stage of pathogenesis. The morphological picture is similar to pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV: at the initial stage, a picture of shock lungs develops, later it ends in fibrosis and organizing pneumonia. One of the most severe complications is acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is observed in some clinical cases reviewed. In this article, we collected cases of clinical and morphological studies of patients with COVID-19, published in international peer-reviewed medical literature to date.

Against the background of a steady increase in the number of oncological diseases, as well as the complexity of the primary morphological diagnosis of malignant neoplasms (MNT) and precancerous conditions, especially in the regions of the Russian Federation, in 2019, the creation of a number of Reference Centers (RCs) for immunohistochemical, pathomorphological, molecular genetic methods was initiated research within the framework of the federal project “Fight against oncological diseases”. In 2020, on the basis of the centralized pathoanatomical department of the Clinical Center of Sechenov University, the RC began its work. Aim. To analyze the work of the RC of Sechenov University and compare the results obtained with the tasks of the federal project.Materials and methods. The data of histological, immunohistochemical studies from the registers of receipt of biopsy (surgical) materials and the issuance of the results of intravital pathoanatomical studies (account forms 014-2 / y and 057-y / 04), as well as data from the Telemedicine system of remote consultations, were analyzed. Results. For 21 months of work, the RC consulted 1476 requests received from 70 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. More than 10 % of reference diagnoses were made in a remote format through the Telemedicine system of remote consultations at the federal and regional levels using digital pathology techniques.Conclusion. Despite the obvious need for the work of RCs, there are still a number of issues that have a signifcant impact on the quality of diagnostic processes: specialization of specifc RCs, expansion of the range of incoming clinical and morphological diagnoses. It also requires attention to regularly improve the skills of RC employees in Russian and international educational systems and to equip the RC, frst of all, with virtual resources. The experience of the RC has demonstrated the importance of a second medical expert opinion in the primary diagnosis and verifcation of the diagnosis of malignant neoplasms of various localizations for the regions of the Russian Federation, where the acute problem is the general shortage of general pathologists and expert doctors.

Today, ART cycles using a donor egg cell are used more often, but this group of pregnancies has not been sufficiently studied in terms of detecting structural predictors of pregnancy complications caused by a special immunological relationship between the recipient mother and allogeneic blastocytes. A comprehensive clinical and morphological study of 89 allogeneic pregnancies was carried out. The morphological study was performed on placental sites biopsies taken at caesarean section (H & E, Orcein), for immunohistochemical analysis PanCK (AE1 / AE3), SMA (1A4), CD56 (123C3.D5), CD138 (B-A38), CD4 (SP35), CD25 (SP176), CD8 (SP16) were used as primary antibodies. A defect of the remodeling of the spiral arteries, including in subgroups without preeclampsia, the formation of perivascular foci of chronic inflammation were found (the accumulation of CD8 + T lymphocytes, CD56 + NK cells, CD138 + plasma cells, HLA-DR + dendritic cells). In subgroups with PE, significant changes were found for T lymphocytes (51.04 ± 2.3, 55.36 ± 11, 7 versus 37.12 ± 2.3), plasma cells (19.5 ± 3.2, 21.43 ± 8.4 versus 8.94 ± 1.2), Kruskal-Wallace test. Structural and immunohistochemical features of the allogenic placental bed may reflect the complexity of cytotrophoblast invasion and induction of maternal immunity with the formation of immune inflammation.

One of the most serious pregnancy complications is currently considered as a violation of cytotrophoblast invasion, particularly, a pathologically increased depth of invasion, leading to the formation of the placental increment (placenta accreta), ingrowth (placenta increta), and germination (placenta percreta). Cytotrophoblast invasion is regulated through subtle intercellular interactions, an important role among which is played by integrins, transmembrane glycoproteins that contribute to the immersion of cytotrophoblast in the endometrium and myometrium. The balance disturbance in the expression of 11, 51, and 64 integrins after normal implantation form a pathological extravillous trophoblast (EVT) phenotype by the blastocyst. This review examines the importance of integrins, collagens, and fibronectin in the formation of placental ingrowth (placenta accreta spectrum).