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The oligochaete fauna of 25 lakes located in the Polar and Subpolar regions of the Ural Mountains in Russia was studied. In total, 46 oligochaete taxa were collected, 32 of them identified to species level. Naididae had the highest number of taxa (19); the other taxa belonged to Pristinidae (2), Enchytraeidae (6), Tubificidae (10), Lumbriculidae (8) and Lumbricidae (1). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to characterize the relationship between abundance of oligochaete species, abundance and biomass of all oligochaetes, abundance of separate families and environmental factors. Latitude, elevation, silt, detritus, moss and algal periphyton and depth were found to be factors influencing the distribution of oligochaetes.

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