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Intraventricular hemorrhage is the most common type of brain damage in infants with extremely low and very low body weight. The main source of intraventricular hemorrhages in premature infants are the vessels of the ventricular germinal zone, or germ matrix. Intraventricular hemorrhages are caused by many risk factors. The current concept is that predictors of development are classified into ante-, intra- and postnatal. The most significant among them is intrauterine infection, which can have a direct and indirect effect on the immature structures of the fetal brain. Also of great importance are the concomitant pathology of the cardiovascular system in the mother and complications of pregnancy and childbirth (placental abruption, rapid delivery, chronic placental insufficiency). On the part of the newborn, coagulation disorders in combination with immaturity of the hemostatic system, as well as pathology of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems are important. Predictors of intraventricular hemorrhages in premature infants (genetic, hemostasiological, morphological), require further study, analysis, and optimization of application in order to prevent and reduce the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhages.