Understanding morphological changes of nanoparticles in solution is essential to tailor the functionality of devices used in energy generation and storage. However, we lack experimental methods that can visualize these processes in solution, or in electrolyte, and provide three-dimensional information. Here, we show how X-ray ptychography enables in situ nano-imaging of the formation and hollowing of nanoparticles in solution at 155 °C. We simultaneously image the growth of about 100 nanocubes with a spatial resolution of 66 nm. The quantitative phase images give access to the third dimension, allowing to additionally study particle thickness. We reveal that the substrate hinders their out-of-plane growth, thus the nanocubes are in fact nanocuboids. Moreover, we observe that the reduction of Cu2O to Cu triggers the hollowing of the nanocuboids. We critically assess the interaction of X-rays with the liquid sample. Our method enables detailed in-solution imaging for a wide range of reaction conditions.

Being able to observe the formation of multi-material nanostructures in situ, simultaneously from a morphological and crystallographic perspective, is a challenging task. Yet, this is essential for the fabrication of nanomaterials with well-controlled composition exposing the most active crystallographic surfaces, as required for highly active catalysts in energy applications. To demonstrate how X-ray ptychography can be combined with scanning nanoprobe diffraction to realize multimodal imaging, we study growing Cu2O nanocubes and their transformation into Au nanocages. During the growth of nanocubes at a temperature of 138 °C, we measure the crystal structure of an individual nanoparticle and determine the presence of (100) crystallographic facets at its surface. We subsequently visualize the transformation of Cu2O into Au nanocages by galvanic replacement. The nanocubes interior homogeneously dissolves while smaller Au particles grow on their surface and later coalesce to form porous nanocages. We finally determine the amount of radiation damage making use of the quantitative phase images. We find that both the total surface dose as well as the dose rate imparted by the X-ray beam trigger additional deposition of Au onto the nanocages. Our multimodal approach can benefit in-solution imaging of multi-material nanostructures in many related fields.

Objective: The main tasks of this study are as follows: to substantiate the interdependence of perversion as a form of violence and the human ego in the context of hybrid warfare; to prove the existence of perversion as a form of violence against a person in the context of hybrid warfare in Ukraine (personal perversion); to describe the alteration of ego states as conditions for effective human self-regulatory activity in the context of hybrid warfare. Background: Hybrid warfare, including the Ukrainian-Russian conflict, as a phenomenon, has been widely studied both abroad and in Ukraine. However, there are very few works on the psychological impact of such a war. There are currently no works on disorders of human self-regulatory activity in the context of hybrid warfare, which makes the study unique and relevant. Method: The study used a combination of various methods, in particular, structural-clinical interviews, psychological counseling and therapeutic meetings, data analysis. Data were collected for 2014-2020. The total number of participants was 55 people aged 25 to 63 years, with 70% female and 30% male. Results: The latent tension and denial of hybrid warfare result in a gradual increase of neurotization, which is in 95% of cases passes into a neurosis state with concomitant manifestations of symptoms. There is also a deterioration in psychological well-being and phylogenetic disorders (erogenous dysfunction in men, uncontrolled neurotic masturbation in women). Disorders of the mental level of self-regulation determine the manifestation of the mental content of perversion, in which perversion takes on the character of intrapersonal functioning. Conclusion: The combination of disorders of the physical, mental and personal levels of the self-regulatory activity of the psyche increased perverse tendencies in social and political life, which provoked a high rate of psychotization of the entire society and an increase in deficit characterological manifestations of each individual.

The present paper deals with the investigation of the category of sacredness of the English religious preaching discourse, considered from the standpoint of theolinguistics. It has been proved that being a secondary form of sacred texts the text of the sermon demonstrates frequent use of sacral vocabulary of different groups: narrow conceptual and terminological vocabulary, which has religious sense and meanings, borrowings from sacred texts (the so-called biblicalisms), and vocabulary of everyday communication, which in the context of preaching becomes religious, and is included in the semantic field of religion on this basis. Different perception of the nature and ways to realize the sermon in the Anglican and Neo-Protestant churches is manifested in the peculiarities of the attitude towards the sacrality of the Word. The process of desacralization of the sermon, recorded in the Neo-Protestant sermons, occurs due to the contrasting use of sacred vocabulary in a stylistically reduced context, on the one hand, and the use of profane vocabulary to nominate sacred phenomena, on the other.

У статті описано уявлення про феномен професійного саморозвитку в сучасних психологічних дослідженнях. Доведено, що професійний саморозвиток це активна, усвідомлена, цілеспрямована діяльність психолога по вдосконаленню професійної компетентності з метою професійної самореалізації і підвищення якості надання психологічних послуг учасникам освітнього процесу. Описано фактори професійного саморозвитку: психологічні, організаційні і економічні. Конкретизовано етапи та чинники професійного розвитку, акцентовано увагу на психологічних якостях, професійних позиціях і акмеологічних варіантах фахівця. Охарактеризовано психологічні бар’єри, які серед причин ускладнень професійного саморозвитку психологів займають важливе місце. Описана специфіка професійного саморозвитку практичного психолога.