This paper examines the problem of demographic transition of natural replacement of the Serbian population since the mid-nineteenth century to 2010. The special attention is given to analizing trends in birth rate, mortality and population growth through the historical periods in which started and in which the transformation of demographic trends was being done, from the model of extended natural replacement and population expansion to the depopulation model. The specific progress of transitional trends is shown in the natural replacement of population at the macro-regional levels in Serbia (Central Serbia, Vojvodina and Kosovo and Metohija), especially at the meso-regional and local level in the geospace of Serbia (municipalities, districts, regions).[Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 176017