It is made the comparison estimation of winter rapeseed quality properties depending on the fertilization level and sowing date in this article. The literature on the research problem is elaborated; there are presented the study importance and relevance of growing technology elements influence on the quality properties of winter rapeseed seeds. It is analyzed the results of sowing periods and different rates of mineral fertilizers influence on the quality indicators of winter rapeseed seeds under the conditions of Right-Bank Forest-Steppe in Ukraine. Significant influence of the studied elements of technology on the main indicators of seed quality was noted; it was found that the change in the yield level obtained by the hybrids led to a change in the oil quality indices. Four the most important oil quality indicators were analyzed in this article. They are: acid value, glucosinolates amount, oil and protein contents. They were affected by different fertilizer rates and sowing dates, which were the experiment conditions. So, the lowest acid value – 1.08 provided hybrid Excel, when fertilizer rate was N240P120K24; when sowing dates were analyzed, the lowest indicator – 1.24 was obtained by Exagon hybrid in the first sowing date – 10th of Aug. the correlation between acid value and rapeseed yield was negative and oscillated from r = - 0.9327 to r = - 0.9843; the magnitude of the approximation reliability oscillated in the range of R2 = 0.87 – 0.97, which evidence the strong dependence between indicators. The lowest content of glucosinolates – 12.51 μmol / g had Excel hybrid under the conditions without fertilizers; when sowing dates were analyzed, the lowest indicator 15.06 μmol / g was obtained by Exagon hybrid in the first sowing date – 10th of Aug. The highest oil content had Excel hybrid – 46.27%, it was obtained in variant of N240P120K240. The protein content of each hybrid was increasing with fertilizer rates expansion. So, the highest indicator of it was obtained in the variant where N240P120K240 was used and it was Exagon – 22.10%. The highest protein content – 21.13% was obtained by Excel hybrid in the second sowing date – the 21st of Aug. when sowing dates were analyzed, and the highest oil content – 46.75% were obtained by Excel hybrid in the third sowing date – 5th of Sept. Key words: winter rapeseed, sowing dates, fertilizers, acid value, glucosinolates amount, oil and protein contents.

In the article economic estimation of elements of technology of growing of winter rape is carried out; crop yields, product costs, production costs, cost, net profit and profitability are taken into account. The literature on the problem of research has been processed, the importance and relevance of studying the economic efficiency of the applied technologies of winter rape cultivation in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine are presented. It is indicated on the low economic results of farming in the agrarian sector of Ukraine and the possibility of increasing the efficiency of growing winter rape with both intensive, extensive and resource-saving technologies. The results of studying the influence of the time of sowing and different norms of mineral fertilizers on the formation of indicators of economic efficiency of winter rape hybrids of various ripeness groups were analyzed. Significant influence of the investigated elements of technology on the main indicators of economic efficiency is noted; It was established that the change in the level of yield obtained by hybrids caused a change in the indicators of economic efficiency. So among the investigated variants of the maximum value of the value of gross output of the hybrid of winter rape, Exotic - 22550.0 UAH. was received at the first deadline of August 10 in the version with the introduction of N240P120K240, the minimum value of the value of gross output - 4675.0 UAH. received on the third term of September 5 in the version without fertilizers. The value of the gross output of the Excel hybrid maximum value is 20,900 UAH. acquired for the second term of sowing August 21 in a variant with maximum fertilization. The greatest value of the production of the hybrid Exagon - 20,900 UAH. was received for the second sowing of the sowing on August 21 with the introduction of N240P120K240, the minimum - 4235 UAH. - on the first date of sowing in the variant without the introduction of fertilizers. The comparative estimation of the indices of the three hybrids under investigation showed that the maximum cost of production was 22550 UAH. was obtained when growing the Exotic hybrid at the first sowing date on August 10 at maximum fertilization. The minimum value of cost is 2864.6 UAH. for 1 ton of seeds, the net profit is 10805.2 UAH. / ha and the profitability level - 92% was obtained in the same variant.

The main goal of our investigation was to determine the influence of different mineral fertilizer rates on the formation of corn hybrids productivity and their dependence on hydrothermal conditions. Medium-early hybrid SY Fenomen (FAO 220) and medium-ripe SY Torino (FAO 310) were selected and analysed for research. The corn fertilization system consists of three methods:Main, row and top dressing. Under conditions of optimal fertilization inthe growing season corn can provide high yields on almost all soils.almost all soils. Scientists distinguish two important stages of plant developmentcorn, the so-called critical phases, regarding the provision of their macro- andmicroelements, these are the phases of 3-5 and 7-8 leaves. From the provision of elementsnutrition, especially pay attention to the presence of phosphorus, depends onthe formed number of cobs on the plant and grains on them. Corn reacts strongly to nitrogen fertilization. To ensurehigh efficiency of its application and optimization of the dose, in addition to samplingsamples and expected yields, it is necessary to determine the amount of nitrogen contained in the soil.Contained in the soil. The amount of soil nitrogen can be very different andrange from 20-100 kg N depending on the predecessor and itsnutrition, soil class and agricultural practices used. Nitrogen is the most important of all nutrients that affect the level ofcorn yield. Corn consumes nitrogen up to the phase of 8 leaves, until thismoment only 2-3% of nitrogen is absorbed, from the phase of 8 leaves to the phase of dryingflower columns (hair) on the cobs - 85% of the total amount of nitrogen.The rest of the nitrogen corn continues to consume almost until the beginning of cobs. The influence of mineral fertilizers on the formation of individual productivity and the use of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N128P128K128 + N70 provided the highest height of maize plants 212.6 cm for SY Fenomen and 227.4 cm for SY Torino. The height of cob attachment under these conditions was 82.7-88.4 cm. Additional use of 70 kg of nitrogen on the background of N128P128K128 allowed to form the highest biometric values of the cob. Thus, in the hybrid SY Fenomen the length was 24.4 cm and the diameter was 5.1 cm, while in the SY Torino hybrid it was 25.6 and 5.3 cm, respectively. The use of a complete fertilizer system (N128P128K128 + N70) in the cultivation of corn hybrids has increased grain yield from cobs to 82.8-83.6% against 79.5-80.8% in control, and accordingly the weight of 1000 seeds up to 336-345 g against 318-329. The use of mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on the formation of grain productivity indicators of corn hybrids. And the more nitrogen fertilizers were applied, the higher was the yield. Compared to the variant without fertilizer, the yield of corn hybrids increased by 83-90% and amounted to 12.18-12.88 t ha-1.

In the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe, the cultivation of winter rapeseed crops after winter wheat usually leads to a delay in sowing the latter and deterioration of autumn plant development. Based on data from a field experiment conducted in 2016/2017, 2017/2018 and 2018/2019, the aim of this study was to investigate how sowing delay affects seed yield, nitrogen uptake by seeds and significant efficiency of nitrogen use by winter rape plants; to check the ability of autumn and spring application of nitrogen fertilizers to compensate for the negative impact of delays in sowing crops; and estimate the minimum autumn development for optimal seed yield. To solve the set tasks, a combination of four sowing dates (from the first week of August to the third week of September) and four autumn nitrogen applications (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg / ha per year) was fixed. In each of these 16 variants, nitrogen application was performed 5 times in the spring (0/0, 40/40, 80/80, 120/120, 140/140 kg / ha, etc.) in order to estimate the individual nitrogen reaction curves. Nitrogen accumulation by aboveground mass of plants in autumn, seed yield and nitrogen uptake by seeds were determined. It was found that sowing the crop after mid-September significantly reduced yields. Application of nitrogen fertilizers in autumn in the amount of at least 30 kg / ha per year increased the yield and absorption of nitrogen seeds without any significant interaction with the sowing period and spring application of nitrogen fertilizers. Increasing the dose of spring fertilizer application to 130 kg / ha increased seed yield. Nitrogen utilization efficiency decreased with increasing application rate when winter oilseed rape plants used nitrogen applied in the fall to a lesser extent than in the spring. In order to achieve high yields, it was necessary for the above-ground mass of plants to absorb nitrogen at the level of at least 10-15 kg / ha at the end of the autumn vegetation. From an ecological point of view, the optimal autumn development of plants should be achieved by choosing an adequate sowing date, rather than using additional nitrogen in autumn.

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