The sociology of students experience.-Students experience is reviewed among eight senior high schools with differing social environment in Paris and its suburbs. About a hundred students and fourty teachers were interviewed. Though this population is not technically representative, we may say that it helps us to elaborate an image of students experience. Résumé Cet article présente de manière succincte une étude sur l'expérience lycéenne menée à la demande de la Direction des Etudes et de la Prospective du Ministère de l'Education nationale. Il s'agit d'une intervention sociologique conduite auprès de huit groupes dans huit lycées hiérarchisés entre un « grand lycée » du VIe arrondissement parisien et des LEP de banlieue. Nous avons aussi réalisé une centaine d'entretiens auprès d'élèves et une quarantaine auprès d'enseignants. Cette population n'est nullement représentative, mais on peut considérer qu'elle permet de construire une image assez vraisemblable de l'expérience des élèves.
Les ambivalences du travail. Les salariés peu qualifiés dans les centres d'appels. Résumé Le texte qui suit s'appuie sur une enquête dans des centres d'appels et s'intéresse plus particulièrement au sens donné par les salariés à leur travail. A première vue, les conditions de travail ne laissent guère de marges d'action à des salariés qui, par ailleurs, sont en situation de déqualification au regard de leur niveau de formation. Néanmoins, en choisissant de dissocier plusieurs dimensions dans le rapport au travail, l'étude met en évidence d'autres aspects. Malgré son caractère contraint, le travail participe de la formation du sujet, et permet que des images de soi positives émergent, même si elles demeurent fragiles.
Dairy products derived from the milk of cows fed in pastures are characterised by higher amounts of conjugated linoleic acid and a-linolenic acid (ALA), and several studies have shown their ability to reduce cardiovascular risk. However, their specific metabolic effects compared with standard dairy in a high-fat diet (HFD) context remain largely unknown; this is what we determined in the present study with a focus on the metabolic and intestinal parameters. The experimental animals were fed for 12 weeks a HFD containing 20 % fat in the form of a pasture dairy cream (PDC) or a standard dairy cream (SDC). Samples of plasma, liver, white adipose tissue, duodenum, jejunum and colon were analysed. The PDC mice, despite a higher food intake, exhibited lower fat mass, plasma and hepatic TAG concentrations, and inflammation in the adipose tissue than the SDC mice. Furthermore, they exhibited a higher expression of hepatic PPARa mRNA and adipose tissue uncoupling protein 2 mRNA, suggesting an enhanced oxidative activity of the tissues. These results might be explained, in part, by the higher amounts of ALA in the PDC diet and in the liver and adipose tissue of the PDC mice. Moreover, the PDC diet was found to increase the proportions of two strategic cell populations involved in the protective function of the intestinal epithelium, namely Paneth and goblet cells in the small intestine and colon, compared with the SDC diet. In conclusion, a PDC HFD leads to improved metabolic outcomes and to a stronger gut barrier compared with a SDC HFD. This may be due, at least in part, to the protective mechanisms induced by specific lipids.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.