This study identified gender-based constraints affecting the production, processing and marketing of biofortified cassava in two states in Nigeria, using a mixed methods approach. The study identified major differences between the two study sites (Benue and Oyo). The scale of production of biofortified cassava is higher in Oyo state among adult men because of their active involvement and collaboration with research institutes within the state and the ease of transporting products to Lagos State for designated diverse markets. However, in Benue state more adult and young women are engaged in cultivation, processing and marketing business to meet up with the increased demand due to higher consumer acceptance in this region. Gender analysis revealed that lack of access to hired-labour restricted the scale of production among women in especially Oyo state. Low product price and high price of processing equipment, poor market infrastructure and middle men exploitation were constraints significantly more mentioned by women in general. Majorly, the men identified limited processing facilities/equipment as the most important constraint affecting the demand of biofortified cassava roots, while generally women were more constrained by the shortage of basic amenities and trainings that hindered their processing efficiency. The study proposes integration of gender-responsive strategies to further enhance the delivery of biofortified cassava products in Nigeria.

Cassava is an important root crop in sub-Saharan Africa, largely cultivated for its starchy edible roots. Biofortified cassava varieties with enhanced provitamin A carotenoid content (PVAC) developed through conventional breeding provide a solution for vitamin A deficiency among vulnerable communities. The aim of this study was to use diallel analysis of six provitamin A cassava genotypes to determine the combining ability, genetic components, heritability, and heterosis of the most important yield characteristics and total carotenoids. Genetic variability for measured characteristics were evident. Fresh root yield was mainly determined by non-additive genetic effects, while dry matter content and total carotenoids were determined by additive effects. Total carotenoids were negatively correlated with fresh root yield, indicating that selection for higher provitamin A content could reduce yield. Mid and higher parent heterosis was seen in some of the crosses for fresh root yield, dry matter content, and total carotenoids. Narrow sense heritability was moderate for fresh root yield and dry matter content, and was high for total carotenoids. This study indicated that yield and dry matter content can be improved in provitamin A cassava but that increased provitamin A content may carry a yield penalty.

This study assessed economic efficiency of fish farming in Ondo State, Nigeria. The study used primary and secondary data to achieve the objective of the study. Primary data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaire from 72 Fish farmers selected using the multistage sampling technique. The analytical technique involved budgeting technique, stochastic frontier production and cost function analysis. The study discovered from the gross margin and net-revenue analysis that fish production was profitable judging by the positive value and size of the gross margin (₦175.55 per kg) and net revenue (₦170.96 per kg). The result of the stochastic frontier production function analysis showed that all the regressors used in the analysis had positive coefficient, indicating that allthe inputs considered had direct relationship with farmers output. The result of the stochastic cost frontier function analysis showed that unit cost of labour, fingerlings, fertilizer and lime had positive regression coefficients, indicating that as these variables increase,the overall production cost of fish increases. The result also indicated that the presence of technical inefficiency had effects on fish production as depicted by the significant estimated gamma coefficient. The study recommends improvement in human capital development through education policy and training programme by extension education, opening of more market opportunities should be pursued and government should provide support to fish farmer’s cooperative society by increasing their capital base.