The capacity to solubilize phosphate and to produce indole compounds Indole Acetic Acid type, was evaluated in 15 strains isolated from castor bean lignocellulosic residues (Ricinus communis). To determine the solubilizing activity of phosphates a qualitative test by using Pikovskaya culture medium was employed and for the evaluation of the production of indole compounds (IAA) a Salkowsky colorimetric analysis technique was applied. Among the microorganisms tested, the Bacillus pumilus GIBI 206 demonstrated capacity to solubilize phosphates and Bacillus subtilis GIBI 200 showed of capacity to solubilize phosphates and to produce Indoleacetic Acid (IAA). To determine the effect of the Bacillus subtilis strain on germination and growth promotion, tomato seeds (Solanum lycopersicum 'Santa Clara') were inoculated; the inoculation of the seeds along with the microorganism revealed statistically significant differences, during the germination stage compared to the control treatment. Nevertheless, it revealed a positive influence on the development of tomato plants, originating a significant increase on the mass and length of its stem and root. The results of this research offer the possibility of using the Bacillus subtilis as a growth promoter in tomato seedlings and in the formulation of bio-products.

This research compiles from the scientific literature, the benefits of telework and the difficulties evidenced for its adoption. The objective is to investigate, in a regional context, among companies' managers from Manizales-Colombia, which are the barriers for its implementation and the possible associations with administrative regulations. For this purpose, a questionnaire was applied to 252 managers, and for the processing of data, Multiple Correspondence Analysis was used. Results show that neither investment costs nor technological constraints emerge as major barriers; they are those related to unfamiliarity with the subject, and management problems. Highly differentiated profiles among managers from companies adopting telework and those that do not do it. Also, patterns of association between their willingness to adopt teleworking and certain administrative positions are observed. Among these are distrust of nontraditional organizational schemes, reluctance to change the way of working and to use of new digital tools.

La presente investigación estudia la incidencia que distintas variables institucionales relacionadas con el proceso de admisión tienen sobre el riesgo de deserción estudiantil, así como el efecto que tienen las ponderaciones asignadas a las áreas evaluadas en el puntaje de admisión en correlación con el desempeño académico. La población objetivo fueron los estudiantes matriculados en la Universidad de Caldas para las cohortes 2010-2012. Para ello se hace uso de modelos logísticos multivariados y de técnicas de optimización. Los modelos obtenidos arrojan que algunas variables del proceso de admisión, susceptibles de ser intervenidas institucionalmente, como puntaje de admisión, ingreso por segunda opción, programas de cupos especiales y costo de matrícula, tienen una incidencia estadísticamente significativa en el riesgo de deserción, influencia que varía entre facultades. Como conclusión, en la perspectiva de atenuar la deserción estudiantil y de incrementar el poder predictivo del desempeño futuro del estudiante, se deberían contemplar acciones tales como el repensar el ingreso por segunda opción, el sostener las políticas de ingreso por méritos académicos y de acción afirmativa y el modificar las ponderaciones actualmente asignadas a las áreas evaluadas en el proceso de admisión.