ResumenSe ha evaluado la actividad antioxidante de hidrolizados de plasma de bovino (HPB) obtenidos con Alcalasa 2.4 L a diferentes grados de hidrólisis. Los HPB se fraccionaron a través de membranas de ultrafiltración y se purificaron por cromatografía de intercambio iónico, con una posterior cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia en fase reversa. Los resultados mostraron que los HPB obtenidos bajo las condiciones de hidrólisis planteadas, poseen una fuerte capacidad de captación de radicales ácido 2,2´-azino-bis(3-etilbenzotiazolin)-6-sulfónico y un alto poder de reducción comparado con las proteínas de plasma no hidrolizadas. Se encontró además, que la actividad antioxidante se incrementa en función del grado de hidrólisis, y que dicha actividad se mantiene después de someter los hidrolizados a condiciones de digestión in-vitro. Los procesos descritos permiten obtener un péptido con una actividad antioxidante similar a la presentada por algunos antioxidantes comerciales. Palabras clave: plasma bovino, hidrólisis enzimática, péptidos antioxidantes, alcalasa Antioxidant Activity of Bovine Plasma Enzymatic Hydrolysates Obtained by Effect of Alcalase ® 2.4 L AbstractThe antioxidant activity of bovine plasma hydrolysates (BPH) obtained with Alcalase 2.4 L at different hydrolysis degrees was evaluated. The hydrolysates were fractioned through ultrafiltration membranes and were purified by ion-exchange chromatography, with subsequent reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the hydrolysates of bovine plasma obtained under the established hydrolysis conditions, had strong scavenging ability on 2,2-azino bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid free radicals and a great reduction power compared with proteins of non-hydrolyzed plasma. Additionally, it was found that the antioxidant activity increases as function of the hydrolysis degree, and that this activity remains after in-vitro digestion. The processes described allow obtaining a peptid with antioxidant activities similar to that of conventional commercial antioxidants.

En el presente estudio se analizó el efecto sobre las variables productivas y parámetros sanguíneos de la inclusión de ensilado químico de vísceras de tilapia roja (Oreochromis spp.) como fuente de proteína principal en dietas para pollos de engorde de la línea Ross 308. Para esto, se evaluaron las variables productivas de peso semanal, talla, consumo de alimento, conversión de alimento y mortalidad, así como los parámetros sanguinos y el hemograma. Las variables productivas del alimento experimental presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas respecto al control en el parámetro de peso semanal (1684 y 1830 g respectivamente), mientras los componentes sanguíneos de ambas dietas estuvieron en el rango normal. En conclusión, el ensilado químico de vísceras de tilapia roja cuenta con las características bromatológicas y microbiológicas para ser usado en la alimentación de pollos de engorde, sin presentar efectos adversos sobre sus variables productivas ni parámetros sanguíneos.

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We estimated jaguar density and tenure, and investigated ranging behavior, using camera traps across the Maya Forest Corridor, a human-influenced landscape in central Belize that forms the only remaining connection for jaguar populations inhabiting two regional forest blocks: the Selva Maya and the Maya Mountain Massif. Jaguars were ubiquitous across the study area. Similar to the neighboring Selva Maya, mean density ranged from 1.5 to 3.1 jaguars per 100 km 2 , estimated by spatial capture-recapture models. Cameras detected almost twice as many males as females, probably reflecting detection bias, and males ranged more widely than females within the camera grid. Both sexes crossed two major rivers, while highway crossings were rare and male-biased, raising concern that the highway could prevent female movement if traffic increases. Jaguars were more transient where the landscape was fragmented with settlements and agriculture than in contiguous forest. Compared with jaguars in the protected forests of the Maya Mountains, jaguars in central Belize displayed a lower potential for investment in intraspecific communication, indicative of a lower quality landscape; however, we did detect mating behavior and juveniles. Tenure of individuals was shorter than in the protected forests, with a higher turnover rate for males than females. At least three-quarters of reported jaguar deaths caused by people were male jaguars, and the majority was retaliation for livestock predation. Jaguars seem relatively tolerant to the human-influenced landscape of central Belize. However, intensification of game hunting and lethal control of predators would threaten population persistence, while increased highway traffic and clear-cutting riparian forest would severely limit the corridor function. Our results show that the viability of the corridor, and thus the long-term survival of jaguar populations in this region, will depend on appropriate land-use planning, nonlethal control of livestock predators, enforcement of game hunting regulations, and wildlife-friendly features in future road developments.