Background: Several diseases can produce enlargement of salivary glands and the fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) helps establishing a diagnosis. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted, in which the interpretation of 383 of salivary gland FNAB studies was evaluated, with the histopathological findings of the follow-up biopsies performed from 2009 to 2016, at Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga. " The presence or absence of malignant neoplasm in the surgical specimens (gold standard) was considered as a positivity parameter. Results: To detect malignancy, a sensitivity ratio of 62.5%, specificity of 98%, positive predictive value of 90.9%, and negative predictive value of 90.1% were obtained with diagnostic accuracy of 90.2% of the salivary gland FNAB. Adenoid cystic carcinoma was the most frequent cytological interpretation of a specific malignant neoplasm and pleomorphic adenoma of a benign neoplasm. Conclusions: Salivary gland FNAB provides accurate and useful information about the type of pathology, which allows for better management of patients. Our results are similar to the parameters established in literature.