Introduction/Background Many countries around the world, especially developing countries and countries in the Middle East region and the Gaza strip in particular, suffer from a scarcity of fresh water. The population of the Gaza Strip is expected to increase to 2.1 million by 2020; with the UN reporting that Gaza will no longer be habitable if major reconstruction is further delayed (UNRWA, 2016). One of the most affected service sectors is water, where poor water quality and high levels of water demand are increasingly leading to water scarcity, as highlighted by the Palestinian Water Authority (PWA) (Water Resources Status Report, 2015). The poor water quality, along with the deteriorating infrastructure and services, continues to negatively impact the quality of life in the Gaza Strip.