Demand for fresh grapes is increasing globally due to their rich composition in phenolic compounds, which have a strong antioxidant capacity. However, fresh table grapes deteriorate rapidly due to berry water loss and pathogen growth, which make it difficult to preserve without treatment. Chitosan coating, as a healthy, simple and innovative technology against to common SO 2 fumigation, was tested at various concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0%) for the effectiveness on postharvest quality extension of detached grapes of 'Alphonse Lavallée' cultivar. Chitosan coating at all doses significantly retarded the loss in berry weight, extended the skin rupture force and total phenol content. Visual quality was higher due to coating the berries with chitosan. Chitosan at all concentrations was effective on delaying maturity index (used to express postharvest senescence) and changes in berry colour values such as L*, C and Hue angle. Among the applied doses, 1% chitosan solution can be recommended to apply since higher doses were more effective with similar results on overall quality features of berries. Overall findings demonstrated that chitosan as an edible coating with their unique barrier can be utilized as a natural preservative of detached grapes to extend the postharvest quality up to 28 days.

As a result of factors such as industrialization, urbanization, advances in science and technology are decreasing in the world and life expectancy at birth increases. As a natural consequence of this, the world population is ageing at an increasing rate and the population ratio is increasing. These changes in the demographic structure require the development of global solutions and policies in order to live in a way that is worthy of human dignity. This situation has mobilized many institutions at national and international scale. In the meetings held within this scope, the phenomenon of ageing was handled in a multidimensional way and various decisions were taken to improve the well-being of elderly people. In this context, the Active Ageing Policy Framework was published by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2002 to support developing countries and to strengthen health and social policies in the ageing world. However, the Age-Friendly Cities (Age-Friendly Cities) Project, which aims active and healthy ageing, has been put into practice, since it is not possible for all individuals in the society to participate effectively and fully in the society without a regulation in environmental architecture. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate age-friendly cities in the context of active ageing. In this context, the ageing population and urbanization issues were primarily discussed. And then the age friendly city concept was explained and age friendly city practice in the world and in Turkey evaluated in the context of active ageing and inferences have been made.

The world population is aging rapidly with the decrease in birth rates and the increase of life expectancy at birth. This situation affects societies in many economic, social and cultural aspects. If services and policies for the elderly population are not developed, in the coming years, It is foreseen that many countries will face problems such as care and social protection systems, pensions, health systems for the increasing elderly population. Turkey is aging rapidly and the proportion of the elderly is increasing. This situation requires policy makers to develop social policies that will reduce costs and ensure active, healthy and aging in place. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the services for the elderly in Turkey with the aging-inplace approach. In this context, first of all, the concept of aging in place was explained, then information about the services offered to the elderly in Turkey was given and inferences were made to ensure aging in place.

Mandarins are mostly preferred specie of Citrus genus, and there has been a continuous rise in consumption and global marketing due to having easy-to-peel, attractive flavor, and fresh consumption advantages. However, most of the existing knowledge on quality traits of citrus fruit comes from research conducted on oranges, which are the main products for the citrus juice manufacturing industry. In recent years, mandarin production in Turkey surpassed orange production and took the first place in citrus production. Mandarins are mostly grown in the Mediterranean and Aegean Regions of Turkey. Due to suitable climatic conditions, they are also grown in the microclimatic condition in Rize province located in the Eastern Black Sea region. In this study, we reported the total phenolic content, total antioxidant capacity, and volatiles of 12 Satsuma mandarin genotypes selected from Rize province of Turkey. Considerable differences in the total phenolic content, total antioxidant capacity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay), and fruit volatile constituent were found among the 12 selected Satsuma mandarin genotypes. The total phenolic content ranged from 3.50 to 22.53 mg of gallic acid equivalent per 100 g of the fruit sample in the selected mandarin genotypes. The total antioxidant capacity was the highest in genotype HA2 as 60.40%, and followed by IB (59.15%) and TEK3 (58.36%), respectively. A total of 30 aroma volatiles were detected from the juice samples of 12 mandarin genotypes by GC/MS, which comprised six alcohols, three aldehydes (including one monoterpene), three esters, one ketone, and one other volatiles. The main volatile compounds were identified in fruits of all Satsuma mandarin genotypes as α-terpineol (0.6–1.88%), linalool (1.1–3.21%), γ-terpinene (4.41–5.5%), β-myrcene (0.9–1.6%), dl-limonene (79.71–85.12%), α-farnesene (1.1–2.44), and d-germacrene (0.66–1.37%). Limonene accounts for most of the aroma compounds (79.71–85.12%) in fruits of all Satsuma genotypes. The genotypes MP and TEK8 had the highest total phenolic content, and HA2, IB, and TEK 3 had the highest antioxidant capacity. The YU2 genotype was found to contain more aroma compounds than the other genotypes. The genotypes selected on the basis of their high bioactive content could be used to develop new Satsuma mandarin cultivars with high human health promoting contents.

al-Maturidi puts forth that "truth" is the only factor that will enable the human kind to live perfectly in all areas; emphasizing the threat of "taqlid" that may hinder humankind to reach the truth before it can even determine the methods to do so, thus trying to prevent from the outset the sacrificing of the efforts that may be put forth to reach truth in favor of mistakes that are adopted blindly. According to al-Maturidi, the only way to reach truth is correct information acquired based on evidence. The way to reach this knowledge is through the use of reason. al-Maturidi accepts that the mind can apprehend everything that falls into the category of objects or things (all creatures and events) either by way of the results put forth by the senses or by pondering on the sensory knowledge through evidence put forth by way of "nazar". His idea that truth and the correct information based on evidence that is required for accessing truth can be put forth in an objectivity that shall enable everyone to accept it is actually a very important principle. Accordingly, an understanding of knowledge and istidlâl (deduction) method lie at the foundation of the world of thought of al-Maturidi. Therefore, al-Maturidi 's understanding of religion in general and specifically his understanding of Qur'an are appearances that tower over his understanding of knowledge. Hence, it can be stated that the wisdom of al-Maturidi in tafsir is quite methodical. Here, we shall try to put forth the theoretical basis of the dirâyet method of al-Maturidi in tafsir with tangible manifestations set forth as examples. The fact that al-Maturidi has carried out his scholarly activities based on such a method is in our opinion an indispensable part of the scientific and cultural treasure of Islam. It is understood from the references in his works that the understanding of science in that era and especially the climate set forth by Mu'tazila ulema (scientific/systematic discourse) is very effective in al-Maturidi's efforts to place this important principle, that is the "scientific method", which will give birth to the institutionalization that shall enable humankind to meet with beneficial principles.