AB ST R ACT : A mineralogical and microtextural study of Somosaguas Miocene deposits, located in the Madrid Basin (western Madrid, Spain), was carried out using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy, whereas crystal chemistry data were obtained by analytical electron microscopy-transmission electron microscopy and electron icroprobe analysis. Four stratigraphic sections were studied, compising detrital rocks representing intermediate and distal facies from alluvial fan deposits. The predominant source area of these sediments was the granitic rocks of the Spanish Central System with a lesser contribution of metamorphic rocks. Clayey arkoses are the most abundant rocks of these sections, typical of granite alteration under warm, semi-arid climates. The mineralogy is characterized by phyllosilicates, followed by feldspars and quartz. The data obtained reveal mineral mixtures of detrital (quartz, feldspars, kaolinite, micas and chlorite), transformed (illite and beidellite) and neoformed (montmorillonite) origin. Clay minerals resulted from interactions between detrital minerals and meteoric waters. Two trends of degradation of micas are detected. The first shows a transition from muscovites and dioctahedral illites, to beidellites. The other trend is defined by the biotite degradation to beidellites with different layer charge and octahedral Fe content. Montmorillonites were neoformed from the hydrolysis and weathering of primary minerals (feldspars and muscovite). Magnesian clay minerals such as sepiolite, palygorskite and trioctahedral smectites, extremely abundant in the centre of the basin, were not detected in Somosaguas sediments.
han proporcionado numerosos restos pertenecientes a 23 especies de mamíferos datados en la zona local E (MN5, Aragoniense Medio). En este trabajo se presentan nuevas aportaciones a su estudio, que han permitido descubrir una especie de rinoceronte no citada anteriormente en la cuenca de Madrid (Prosantorhinus douvillei) y la definición de una especie nueva de hámster (Cricetodon soriae nov. sp.). La sucesión muestra varios episodios de coladas de tipo debris-flow con transporte de huesos, rocas y arcosas discordantes por debajo y por encima de un relleno lacustre. Los depósitos contienen una secuencia de alteración de micas con arcillas de neoformación progresivamente más evolucionadas y vetas de caliche hacia techo, indicando aridez creciente. La riqueza del conjunto de macro y microvertebrados de los yacimientos de Somosaguas permite relacionarlo con el de otros yacimientos de edad similar, resultando en un patrón biogeográfico de transición paleártico-paleotropical. Esto coincide con los datos paleoclimáticos aportados por la fauna de mamíferos, que indican la existencia de condiciones tropicales con estacionalidad hídrica muy marcada. Se infiere la existencia en el área de un mosaico de ambientes dentro de un bioma de sabana, combinando áreas abiertas y bosquetes asociados al medio lacustre. El análisis isotópico indica un progresivo enfriamiento y aridez, que se correlaciona con los cambios climáticos inferidos a escala global en este período, hace unos 14 millones de años.Palabras clave: Aragoniense, Cricetodon soriae nov. sp., España, Geoquímica isotópica, Mammalia, Mineralogía, Paleobiogeografía, Paleoclimatología, Paleoecología, Estratigrafía, Paleontología Sistemática, Vertebrata. ABSTRACTThe Middle Miocene vertebrate fossil sites from the Somosaguas Campus of the Complutensian University of Madrid (Pozuelo de Alarcón) have provided many fossils from 23 mammal species, dated in local zone E (MN5, Middle Aragonian). In this work we show new research results which allow recognizing a new species of rhinoceros for the Madrid Basin (Prosantorhinus douvillei) and defining a new species of hamster (Cricetodon soriae nov. sp.). The succession shows several episodes of debris-flow deposits transporting bones, pebbles and arkosic sands, discordant below and above lacustrine sediments. The deposits content an alteration sequence of micas, with neomorphic clays progressively more
The western area of the Cenozoic Madrid Basin has not been adequately studied. This, combined with the high homogeneity of detrital facies makes the stratigraphic correlation with other areas of the basin rather difficult. Consequently, only a detailed characterization of different study zones can allow subsequent correlation over this area. Over the last years there have been discovered several vertebrate fossil sites in this area that allow the dating of the sediments which host the fossil remains and provide data about palaeoclimatic trends. In this paper we present the results of the light minerals petrographic analysis carried out in one of these sites (Somosaguas paleontological site). Previous palaeontological and isotopic studies in this site indicate a climate event of cooling and rising aridity that has been described globally for the period after the Miocene Climatic Optimum. The petrographic data and indices presented here corroborate this trend towards a more arid climate through the Somosaguas sedimentary succession. Besides we study the grades of alteration of plagioclase grains as a proxy in the evaluation of palaeoclimatic variations. The increase towards the top of the succession of less altered plagioclase grains suggests a decrease in precipitations and thus more aridity. Part of the quartz and K-feldspar grains display several features like embayments and alterations pointing to palaeosoils formation and reworking processes. These characteristics and other observations suggest several sedimentary pulses in a geotectonic setting of "basement uplift" and a mixed lithological provenance for the Somosaguas deposits (granites, gneisses and minor quantities of low-grade metamorphic rocks).Keywords: middle Aragonian, Miocene Climatic Optimum, aridity, palaeosol, plagioclase alteration, sand Resumen La zona occidental de la cuenca de Madrid no ha sido adecuadamente estudiada. Esto, combinado con la alta homogeneidad de facies detríticas dificulta la correlación estratigráfica con otras áreas de la cuenca. En consecuencia, sólo una caracterización detallada de diferentes zonas de estudio puede permitir posteriores trabajos de correlación regional. En los últimos años se han descubierto varios yacimientos de fósiles de vertebrados en esta área que permiten la datación de los sedimentos que albergan estos restos y proporcionan datos paleoclimáti-cos. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de los análisis composicionales de minerales ligeros realizados en uno de estos yacimientos (yacimiento paleontológico de Somosaguas). Estudios paleontológicos e isotópicos previos en este yacimiento registran un evento climá-tico de enfriamiento y aumento de la aridez que se ha descrito a nivel mundial para el período posterior al Óptimo Climático del Mioceno. Los datos e índices petrográficos presentados en este trabajo corroboran la tendencia hacia un clima más árido a lo largo de la sucesión sedimentaria de Somosaguas. Además, se estudian los grados de alteración de los granos de plagioclasa como prox...
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