Despite supplementation with 400 IU of vitamin D daily, the rate of vitamin D deficiency was worryingly high in 4-month-old exclusively breastfed infants living in Izmir, Turkey. So, additional studies are needed to clarify optimal amount of vitamin D supplementation to the infants, especially during winter days.

Introduction: The homocysteine level in blood is affected by gender, diet, smoking, folic acid and B-complex vitamins. It is known that higher than normal homocysteine levels in plasma may cause vascular endothelium dysfunction, resulting in the promotion of thrombus formation. In our study, we aimed to assess the effects of smoking during pregnancy on the homocysteine and folic acid levels of the mother and baby. Methods: The study included 58 pregnant women who had completed their 37th week of gestation: 30 women were nonsmokers (NONSM) and 28 were smokers (SM). The measurement of homocysteine and folic acid levels in all samples were performed with an Immulite 2000 analyzer, using the chemiluminescence method. Results: Maternal blood folic acid levels were significantly lower in SM (p = 0.041) than in NONSM. In SM, homocysteine levels in the umbilical cord blood were found to be significantly higher than those in NONSM (p = 0.006). Conclusion: High homocysteine levels in umbilical cord blood of smoking mothers, and the probable continuation of passive smoking for the babies after birth, make us think that the baby may have a predisposition towards vascular diseases at later periods in life.

ÖZETAmaç: Çalışmamızda kış aylarında gebelerdeki D vitamini düzeylerinin bebeklere nasıl yansıdığını araştırmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler:Çalışmaya 37 haftayı doldurmuş 250 sağlıklı gebe dahil edildi. Gebelerden doğum öncesi travay odasında, bebeklerinden ise doğum sırasında göbek kordonundan venöz kan alındı. Örneklerin 25(OH)D düzeyleri kemilüminesan immun ölçüm yöntemi ile Diasorin Liaison cihazında çalışıldı. Bulgular: Annelerin D vitamini ortalaması 11,5 ± 5,9 ng/mL iken kordon kanında bu değer 10,9 ± 5,9 idi. Anne ile kordon D vitamini düzeyleri koreleydi (r=0,548, p<0,01). Regresyon analizinde ise anne ile kordon D vitamini arasında anlamlı bir denklem ortaya çıktı. ABSTRACTObjective: In our study, we intended to examine the effects of vitamin D levels of pregnant women on the baby during winter months. Materials and Methods: Study population consisted of 250 healthy pregnant women who have completed 37 weeks of gestation. Venous blood samples were drawn from pregnant women prenatally in the labor room and from babies on the umbilical cord during the delivery. 25(OH)D levels of samples were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay on Diasorin Liaison autoanalyzer. Results: While the mean of vitamin D levels in mothers was 11.5±5.9 ng/mL, this value was found as 10.9±5.9 in cord blood. Vitamin D levels of mothers and umbilical cords were found to be correlated (r=0.548, p<0.01). When the linear regression analysis was performed we got a significant equation between mother and cord blood vitamin D levels. Conclusion: Vitamin D levels of mothers and umbilical cords were found to be correlated in our study. It was concluded that vitamin D levels of the babies could be estimated by measuring vitamin D levels of the pregnant women using linear regression analysis. Vitamin D level of the baby which was determined using indirect calculation, besides being non-invasive, may also play a pioneering role to decrease costs and also prevent possible future disorders which may affect baby's life in the future.

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) have a critical role in the development of the active safety systems for vehicles. There are various sub technologies like Adaptive cruise control (ACC), Collision avoidance system, Blind spot detection etc. under ADAS. All these technologies are also accepted as the preliminary technology of autonomous driving. Therefore, during development of these technologies using a system of system (SOS) control approach would help both decreasing the development costs and unifying all these technologies under autonomous driving. In this paper, a SOS based intelligent ACC system design is proposed. The ACC system has high level control, low level control and sensor units.

Alkolik olmayan yağlı karaciğer hastalığı gittikçe artan prevalansla dünya çapında insanları etkilemektedir. Bu hastalığın tanısı ve evrelendirilmesi için invaziv olmayan testlere ihtiyaç vardır. Bu çalışmada rutin karaciğer enzimleri ve sitokinlerin alkolik olmayan yağlı karaciğer hastalığında tanısal performanslarını değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.Yöntemler: 20-62 yaşları arasında 88 kişi çalışmaya dahil edildi. Serum ALT, AST, GGT, trigliserid, TNF-alfa, IL-6 ve IL-8 düzeyleri 40 yağlı karaciğer hastası ve benzer VKİ ve demografik özellikleri olan 48 sağlıklı bireyde ölçüldü. Serum biyobelirteçlerinin yağlı karaciğer hastalığındaki tanısal performansları ROC analizi ile değerlendirildi.Bulgular: ALT ve AST tüm grupta yağlı karaciğer hastalığı olan bireyleri belirlemede iyi performans gösterdi (AUC=0,817; %95 CI[0,721-0,913], AUC=0,815; %95 CI[0,718-0,911] sırasıyla) ancak obez bireylerde ALT ve AST zayıf performans gösterdi (AUC=0,659; %95 CI[0,478-0,841], AUC=0,680; %95 CI[0,498-0,861] sırasıyla). Sitokinler arasında TNF-alfa yağlı karaciğer hastalığı tanısında tüm grupta ve obez hastalarda en iyi performansı gösterdi (AUC=0,892; %95 CI[0,824-0,959], AUC=0,858; %95 CI[0,739-0,977] sırasıyla). Tüm grupta TNF-alfa için en iyi cut-off değeri %75 sensitivite ve %93 spesifisite ile 10,65pg/mL bulundu. IL6 ve IL8 zayıf performans gösterdi.Sonuç: TNF-alfa alkolik olmayan yağlı karaciğer hastalarını tespit etmede iyi bir parametre olabilir.