Çalışmada bireysel kredilerin öncelikle dolaylı vergi gelirleri olmak üzere bazı makroekonomik değişkenler üzerindeki etkilerinin tespit edilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Ampirik analizde Türkiye'de 2004-2018 yılları arası aylık veriler kullanılarak VAR modeli kapsamında etki-tepki fonksiyonlarından yararlanılmıştır. Bireysel kredilere verilen bir birimlik şoka bankalarca ticari kredilere uygulanan faiz oranları, TÜFE bazlı reel efektif döviz kuru, tüketici fiyat endeksi (TÜFE), sanayi üretim endeksi ve dolaylı vergi gelirlerinin verdiği tepkiler incelenmiştir. Analiz bulgularına göre bireysel kredilerle bankalarca ticari kredilere uygulanan faiz oranları ve TÜFE bazlı reel efektif döviz kuru arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmadığı anlaşılmıştır. Bireysel kredilerdeki artışa TÜFE azalış yönünde; sanayi üretim endeksi ve dolaylı vergi gelirleri artış yönünde tepki vermiştir.
Unfortunately, people harm the environment as a result of their economic activities. The deterioration of environmental balance and global climate changes in the world as a result of this destruction give the awareness of environmental protection prominence. Many organizations operate on a global scale to protect the environment and return it to its former natural balance. In this context, the European Union (EU) is one of the communities that care about the environment. There are important operations for environmental protection within this community. Environmental tax is a good example of tools determined for use in protecting the environment. As is known, Croatia is the latest country to join the EU in 2013. To reveal the importance the EU attaches to environmental protection, environmental tax practices, the development of environmental taxes before and after its EU-membership in Croatia are analysed. Besides, the course of environmental taxes in Croatia from 2002 to 2018 is evaluated in the study.
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