BACKGROUND: Moringa oleifera (MO) kernel oil is categorized as a high-oleic oil that resembles olive oil. However, unlike olive trees, MO trees are largely present in most subtropical and tropical countries. In these countries, therefore, the benefits of oleic acid can be obtained at a cheaper price through the consumption of MO kernel oil. This study reports on the effect of different extraction methods on oxidative properties of MO kernel oil during storage for 140 days at 13, 25, and 37 ∘ C. RESULTS: All aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE)-based methods generally resulted in oil with better oxidative properties and higher tocopherol retention than the use of solvent. Prior to AEE, boiling pre-treatment deactivated the hydrolytic enzymes and preserved the oil's quality. In contrast, high-pressure processing (HPP) pre-treatment accelerated hydrolytic reaction and resulted in an increase in free fatty acids after 140 days at all temperatures. No significant changes were detected in the oils' iodine values and fatty acid composition. The tocopherol content decreased significantly at both 13 and 25 ∘ C after 60 days in the oil from SE method, and after 120 days in oils from AEE-based methods.CONCLUSION: These findings are significant in highlighting the extraction methods resulting in crude MO kernel oil with greatest oxidative stability in the storage conditions tested. Subsequently, the suitable storage condition of the oil prior to refining can be determined. Further studies are recommended in determining the suitable refining processes and parameters for the MO kernel oil prior to application in variety food products. Aqueous enzymatic extraction with high pressure processing pre-treatment (HPP-AEE)The ground-sieved MO kernels were mixed with distilled water at a 1:1 (w/w) ratio and vacuum sealed in polyethylene bags. According to Mat Yusoff et al. (2017), 21 some preliminary tests were carried out to determine the solid-to-liquid ratio. The use of a smaller amount of water caused the formation of a very thick paste, which adhered to the polyester bag, thus wasting some of the sample. The addition of a higher water content resulted in a very dilute mixture, which thus allowed only a small amount of ground-sieved MO kernel to be processed at one time.The mixtures at 1:1 (w/w) ratio were treated with high pressure (Stansted Fluid Powder Ltd, Stansted, UK) at 50 MPa and 60 ∘ C for 35 min, followed by addition of distilled water up to 4:1 water / kernel (w/w) ratio for the subsequent AEE, as in the earlier section. The recovery of the free oil is explained in the next section.

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