Recently the livestock farmers of Baltasinsky, Kukmorsky, Sabinsky, Alkeevsky and other regions of the Republic of Tatarstan have increasingly frequently faced the young cattle diseases associated with pathology of the gastrointestinal tract that have not been treated by the classical scheme of diseases with diarrhea symptoms.Sick calves had acute and subacute catarrhal gastroenteritis mainly in the later stages of which accompanied by the inflammatory process in the posterior segment of the small intestine. The manifestations of structural changes in the subepithelial lymphoid tissue of the intestine, in the stagnant digestive glands and regional lymph nodes were increased with a severity level of the clinical symptoms of the disease.In this regard, in order to obtain a complete picture of the effect of cryptosporidiosis invasion on the peripheral blood condition of sick calves, hematological studies were conducted in the dynamics of the development of the infectious process. We have studied the content of red blood cells, white blood cells including lymphocytes, granulocytes, as well as monocytes and hemoglobin on the 7th, 14th and 30th days of the experiment. Hematological studies of calves infected with spontaneous invasion of cryptosporidiosis, and after treatment, had been carried out in 2016 2018 at the OJSC “KukmorAgroChimService” in the Kukmorsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan in the Russian federation. Cryptosporidiosis clinically insane calves had erythropenia and leukocytopenia in the blood and low hemoglobin. Reduced oxygen capacity of the blood contributed to the development of the secondary destructive changes in the organs of hematopoietic organs. The established dynamics of a decrease in the content of eosinophilic granulocytes in the blood of calves in the first and especially in the second groups indicated a high therapeutic effect of the drugs used. Starting from the 7th day, due to the therapeutic effect of the tested medications in the places of the pathogenic effects of cryptosporidia, regenerative processes were intensified. It affected the morphological parameters of the blood.

The study that simultaneously employed negative staining and ultra-thin sectioning to investigate the causative agent of Q fever in phase I showed that the epizootic strain exhibited morphological characters typical of C. burnetii. Investigation of the ultra-thin structure of sections and whole racketetia cells of the epizootic strain revealed clearly expressed structural basis of the elements of their arrangement and partial similarity of the strain to the reference strains. In animals infected with spontaneous Q fever, the clinical course of the disease was characterized as severe with signs of intermittent fever up to 42 °C, symptoms of fatigue, decreased food excitability, inactivity, catarrhal rhinitis and conjunctivitis, and cyanosis of mucous membranes. Specific, nonspecific and immunopathological processes developed in organs and tissues: specific changes were characterized by formation of epithelioid cell granulomas with Pirogov-Langhans giant cells in the lymph nodes; nonspecific changes manifested through hyperplastic, macrophage and plasma-cell reactions in lymphoid organs; immunopathological changes were characterized by indurated and fibrotized reticular stroma of lymphoid organs, plasmorrhagia, erythrodiapedesis, mucoid and fibrinoid swelling of the blood vessel walls of the microvasculature, formation of lymphoid and histiocytic infiltrates in the lungs, myocard, liver and kidneys, and dystrophic and necrotic changes in the parenchymal elements of these organs, which cumulatively indicated a morphological manifestation of an allergic reaction of DSR type. The study aimed to investigate some issues of the pathogenesis and pathomorphology of spontaneous Q fever infection in sheep.

It is generally accepted in practical veterinary medicine that cryptosporidiosis invasion of the gastrointestinal tract of calves is a local pathological process and the disease outcome is completely determined by the local etiological factor. Pathomorphological changes in the gastrointestinal tract, detected during the invasion, and metabolic disorders in the body of sick calves cannot occur without changes in the structure of adaptive mechanisms. Therefore, studies of the endocrine organs reaction in acute and chronic forms of the cryptosporidiosis course have been carried out. It has been found that calves during the neonatal period have the acute course of invasion accompanied by severe violations of the most functionally loaded structures of the endocrine organs. This is manifested in the form of increased mechanisms of programmed necrosis, the occurrence of reversible and irreversible degenerative processes, and local hemocirculation disorders. The pathological metamorphosis arising from cryptosporidiosis infection in endocrinocytes led to significant violations of the adaptive systems of the calves’ body and ultimately ended in an unfavorable disease outcome. Pathological changes with a predominance of atrophic, sclerotic, and necrobiotic processes in the chronic course of invasion were manifested in all structures of the studied endocrine organs simultaneously. A prolonged state of structural and functional overstrains of the endocrine organs eventually led to the depletion of adaptive hormone resources. The pluriglandular insufficiency state in the body was crucial in the pathogenesis and outcome of the chronic course of cryptosporidiosis in calves.

Учредитель и издатель: Founder and editor: ФГБОУ ВО «Казанская государственная академия ветеринарной медицины имени Н.Э. Баумана» (ФГБОУ ВО Казанская ГАВМ) FSBEI HE «Kazan Bauman State Academy of Veterinary Medicine»(FSBEI HE KSAVM) Печатается по решению редакционной коллегии Казанской государственной академии ветеринарной медицины им. Н.Э. Баумана от 5 Декабря 2019 г

Pathomorphological study of the neonatal period piglets of ontogenesis from the pig breeding complex obtained from sows that were given feed contaminated with mycotoxins during pregnancy and after parturition was carried out. Pathological changes in the internal organs of piglets, characterized by various dystrophic and inflammatory processes resulting from the influence of mycotoxins, were established. Edema and congestion in the lungs of piglets is noted as a sign of circulation failure in the body. Signs of interstitial pneumonia are detected with areas of chronic alveolar emphysema and atelectasis. Signs of granular dystrophy were noted in the heart in cardiomyocytes. Interstitial connective tissue has signs of edema; the swelling of blood vessel walls is noted. The morphofunctional state of the thyroid gland in piglets, taking into account changes in the organ structure, is characterized as a macro-microfollicular proliferating colloid goiter. The border smoothness between white and red pulp, hyperemia of blood vessels and the small number of lymphatic nodules with a size decrease are noted in the spleen. The demarcation clarity of white pulp into separate structural zones is not diagnosed in lymphatic nodules. Signs of catarrhal enteritis and chronic catarrhal colitis with a tendency to its transition to atrophic catarrh are detected in the small and large intestines of the gastrointestinal tract. Hepatocytes have mild signs of granular dystrophy in the lobules of the piglets’ liver. Protein hepatosis signs interspersed with areas of necrobiosis are identified in separate lobules of the organ against the background of general atrophy of hepatocytes. Granular dystrophy signs with the phenomena of its desquamation in certain areas are revealed in the convoluted tubules of kidney nephrons in epithelial cells. Part of epithelial cells of the nephron tubule is subject to necrobiotic processes. Thickening of the basic capillary membrane with glomerulitis is noted in the glomerulus of the renal corpuscle. Edema and mild lymphocyte-macrophage infiltration with the phenomena of the mucoid swelling of blood vessel walls is observed in the interstitial organ tissue.