Although it is an extremely rare complication, remote cerebellar hemorrhage should be kept in mind as a possible complication of spinal surgery, especially in operations complicated by dural tears.

Surgical treatment of hip fractures in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on chronic hemodialysis is associated with frequent complications and a high mortality rate. Osteosynthesis is an acceptable option for treating intertrochanteric fractures and nondisplaced femoral neck fractures, but displaced femoral neck fractures should be treated with hemiarthroplasty.

Results of bilateral staged TKAs in obese patients have low complication and high success rates and increased BMI has no negative effect on the early outcome. Bilateral staged TKA might be a good treatment alternative for the improvement of the patient's quality of life and functional and clinical outcomes.

This pilot study analysed the outcome of open versus endoscopic curettage and bone grafting for the treatment of simple calcaneal bone cysts. A total of 26 patients were evaluated into two equal groups: group 1 was treated with traditional open curettage and bone grafting and group 2 was treated with endoscopic curettage and percutaneous bone grafting. Cyst size, operating time, length of stay, time to healing, complications, further surgery and radiological healing were recorded and differences were statistically compared. The mean age of the patients was 22.9 years (18 to 28) and the mean follow-up was 28.7 months (24 to 36). There were no statistically significant differences in regard to age of patients, cyst size and the follow-up periods in the two groups. The operating time and mean length of stay of group 2 patients was significantly shorter than group 1 patients (p < 0.001). The time to healing was similar in the two groups. The overall success rates for groups 1 and 2 were 92.3% (12 of 13) and 100% (13 of 13), respectively, and there were no statistically significant differences regarding radiological healing. This pilot study suggests that endoscopic curettage and percutaneous grafting is a simple and safe form of treatment, with similar results to those following open treatment.

BCP can be successfully used as a bone substitute. The radiographic remodeling and consolidation process of BCP was found to be different from that of beta-tricalcium phosphate. In our patients with more than 2 years of follow-up, BCP granules did not completely remodel. As a result, this clinical study demonstrated that calcium phosphate granules containing hydroxyapatite had a long period of "creeping substitution" that lasts longer than 2 years.