The basic aspects of the endogenous intoxication syndrome (EIS) in the pathogenesis of many diseases are still poorly understood - an increase in the content of a wide variety of compounds, most of which belong to middle mass molecules (MMM) with a mass of 500-2000 D, the content of which under the conditions of metabolically associated steatosis of the liver (MASL) as the initial stage of the fatty disease has not been yet established. In order to determine the content of molecules of average mass of total and their fractions in the blood and urine in patients with MASL, 25 patients were examined (14 men, 11 women; average age 63,8 years) with coronary artery disease (CAD), atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis, heart failure of I-II FC and sonographically diagnosed fatty liver disease (19 with MACL and 6 with steatohepatitis (SH)), in which MMMs were additionally determined at 238, 254, 266 and 282 nm in blood and urine at 238, 254, 266, 280, 288, 310 nm; coefficients of aromaticity were calculated, peptide-nucleotide, distributive; de Ritis indices and hepato-steatosis, AST/platelet ratio. The results were calculated statistically. The level of significance is p<0,05. The results. In patients with chronic forms of coronary artery disease, under the conditions of concomitant MASL, the content of total MMM was significantly higher (0,63±0,06 vs 0,34±0,02; p<0,05), which correlated with the level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (r=0,86; p<0,05). It was accompanied by the elevation of MMM at all wavelengths in the blood (238, 254, 266, and 280 nm) and hydrophilic chain MMM238 in urine and was associated by significantly higher values of aromaticity coefficients (2,14±0,23 vs 1,60±0,05) and peptide-nucleotide (2,65±0,37 vs 1,38±0,05), all p<0,05. The group with concomitant MASL differed from patients with comorbid SH significantly only in the lower content of hydrophilic MMM238 in urine (1,92±0,18 vs 2,30±0,03; p<0,05). Conclusion. Metabolic-associated steatosis of the liver is accompanied by the activation of the endogenous intoxication syndrome with an increase of the content of MMM in the blood and urine, which occurs in parallel with the syndrome of systemic inflammation.

The change in the military-political situation in the country and the full-scale war of russia against Ukraine presented society, the medical community, and educators with new tasks and challenges [1], the first of which is the optimization of the teaching of military medicine and military therapy, in particular, since the initial training of a military specialist begins at master's level. In addition, civilian healthcare facilities are now under a considerable burden [2] due to the modern inhumane war in violation of all norms and humanitarian principles, which causes the need for changes in the teaching of military therapy and its adaptation to current foreign guidelines, in particular, which determined the relevance and practicality of our work.The aim of the study.Outline essential components of the problems of teaching military therapy at the departments of the therapeutic profile of institutions of higher medical education. Main part.The problems of teaching military therapy can be summarized into three main ones. First of all, it is necessary to decide on the name of the discipline, regarding which there are still disagreements. We fully agree with the conclusion of a thorough scientific study by Major General of m/s, Professor M.P. Boychak: «If the phrase «military-field» was already obsolete for Oppel V.A. and Yudina S.S. almost 100 years ago, if M.I. Pirogov, who proposed this term, did not use it himself, if the chief therapist of the Red Army M.S. Vovsi, the main therapists of the fronts, the army therapists of the Second World War hardly used it, if the founder of the russian clinical medicine Mudrov M.Ya. almost 300 years ago spoke about «military therapy», and our outstanding compatriot A. Charukovskii spoke at the same time about «diseases of the army», and what should we do with future NATO partners if they, and indeed nowhere in the world, no longer use the term «military-field» does not have

The aim: To evaluate the structural changes of the brain in relation to the formation of cognitive disorders (CD) in patients with arrhythmias Materials and methods: 147 patients with different clinical forms arrhythmias against the background of ischemic heart disease were examine. At the first stage, all patients with arrhythmias assessed cognitive functions. At the second stage, patients were distributed divided into two groups: the main group patients with CD, control – patients without CD. These groups underwent computed tomography examination of the brain. Results: CD were established in 83% patients with arrhythmias. Mild CD were more often diagnosed in patients with persistent form of atrial fibrillation (AF), severe CD – in patients with permanent form of AF and atrioventricular blockade ІI-III degrees. Neuroimaging changes were found in 73.8% patients with CD and in 36% patients without CD. They were manifested by atrophic changes of the cortex, internal hydrocephalus, a decrease in the density of the brain sub¬stance of the periventricular area. In patients with CD, compared to patients without CD, showed lacunar foci with predominant localization in the parietal and frontal lobes of the brain, periventricular and subcortical leukoaraiosis. Multiple correlations were established between CD and structural changes of the brain. Conclusions: The increase in the severity of CD in patients with arrhythmias is associated with atrophic changes at the cortical-subcortical level, accompanied by the phenomena of internal hydrocephalus, periventricular and subcortical LA, lacunar foci, with a predominant localization in the frontal-temporal-occipital lobes, in the visual hump and basal ganglia of both cerebral hemispheres.

Systemic vasculitides are often accompanied by the liver affection, but the data on hemorrhagic vasculitis is limited. The aim of this paper was to determine the structural and functional condition of liver and gallbladder (GB) in patients with hemorrhagic vasculitis. Materials and methods. We retrospectively analyzed data of 75 patients (57% females and 43% males, mean age 47.7±4.3 years) and estimated the structural and functional condition of their liver and GB (total bilirubin, transaminases, gamma-glutamyltranspeptydase (GGTP), alkaline phosphatase). The digital data was statistically processed and represented as M±m. Correlations were estimated according to Pearson (r). Data was considered significant if р<0.05. Results. It was revealed that sonographic signs of liver affection were present in 73.9% of patients with hemorrhagic vasculitis; sonographic signs of GB affection – in 61.3%. It is worth saying that these changes were mentioned in the diagnosis of 3.9% of patients only, which is a sign of insufficient attention of doctors to these changes. The mean values of routine laboratory markers of liver affection were in the normal range. We revealed hypobilirubinemia in 46.5% of patients, which can testify the frequent presence of oxidative stress. In our patients we also noticed hyperbilirubinemia (4.2%) and the increase of aspartate aminotransferase (2.7%), alanine aminotransferase (4.0%), de Ritis index (42.7%), GGTP (36.4%) and alkaline phosphatase (53.3%). Conclusions. Bilirubin level directly correlated with hemoglobin; aspartate and alanine aminotransferases - inversely with total cholesterol; de Ritis index – with alpha-globulines, cholestasis markers, peripheral blood erythrocytes and monocytes; GGTP – with erythrocytes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate.