The article analyzes the systemic problems of the modern world community in the relationship " person-society", "person-state", "state-international community", which provoked the COVID-19 pandemic. From the position of public administration mechanisms in the field of collective security, changes in the system of public relations in the postcoronavirus period are predicted. The author proposes a gradation of the crisis of systemic relationships triggered by a pandemic. From the point of view of mutual relations, the problems faced by the countries of the European region in connection with mass labour migration and quarantine are considered. The main challenges of modern collective security are analyzed, and the challenges that society will face in the post-coronovirus period are predicted. The main emphasis is on reformatting the relationship of the person to himself, his safety and health, understanding his duties and rights regarding society as a whole, duties and rights regarding native state and state, where person lives and works. The article discusses the possible main directions of interstate and international relations development in the post-coronovirus period, where military threats will no longer be considered as priority for response. The focus of efforts will be concentrate on epidemiological, epizootic, biological and food threats. We offer our vision of changes in relationship systems and their development paths.

The process of empirical substantiation of management activity in the context of existing requirements for ensuring the development of the public sphere is investigated. The relevance and necessity of such a justification is due to a number of postmodern factors, in particular, such characteristics of the indicated activity as versatility of implementation and direction, significant uncertainty of the premises, poly-subjectivity and value of reaching consensus. The essence of empirical substantiation is defined as the process of establishing the reliability of knowledge about the initial situation by applying a number of proven methods and measures. The difficulty of such an establishment is due to the fact that there is a fundamental opposition between knowledge and the real situation of objects reproduced by it. The justification of the reliability of empirical knowledge differs from the data similar to the content of scientific research and verification of data, since it includes taking into account the significance of the subject given to the subject of managerial activity. Given the subject-object nature of the latter, its empirical substantiation is carried out using a combination of natural science and humanitarian postmodern approaches. The position is substantiated that intersubjective certainty fundamentally differs from subjectivity and the lines of their distinction are drawn.

УДК 352 (091) (430) Еволюція системи місцевого самоврядування у Німеччині (на прикладі землі Бранденбург): історико-управлінський аспект О. Я. КРАСІВСЬКИЙ, М. М. ЯНИШЕВСЬКИЙ Львівський регіональний інститут державного управління Національної академії державного управління при Президентові України, Львів-Брюховичі, Україна Авторське резюмеДетально проаналізовано розвиток системи місцевого самоврядування у Німеччині на прикладі громад землі Бранденбург. Охарактеризовано історичні моделі організації влади на базовому рівні місцевого самоврядування: магістратну, північнонімецьку, південнонімецьку та рейнську бургомістерську. Запропоновано етапи еволюції місцевого самоврядування громад землі Бранденбург: утвердження міст як автономних центрів політичного, економічного та культурного життя; розвиток врядування в умовах магдебурзького права; перетворення місцевого самоврядування у низову ланку суперцентралізованого державного управління Пруссії; розвиток магістратного типу управління та встановлення основ сучасної моделі місцевого самоврядування Бранденбурга; муніципальний устрій в умовах тоталітаризму; проведення сучасної муніципальної реформи.З'ясовано новітні тенденції розвитку муніципального управління. Встановлено, що муніципальний устрій більшості федеральних земель ґрунтується на південнонімецькій моделі, яка виражається у двох варіантах: «рада -бургомістр з одним управлінським центром» та «рада -бургомістр з подвійним управлінським центром». Наголошено на необхідності дослідження ефективності та доцільності використання елементів німецької системи місцевого самоврядування в Україні.Ключові слова: магістратний вид управління; південнонімецький вид управління; модель «рада -бургомістр з одним управлінським центром»; модель «рада -бургомістр з подвійним управлінським центром»; муніципальна реформа; громада AbstractThe development of local governments in Germany on the example of communities in Brandenburg was analyzed in details. The study characterizes historical models of governance at the basic level of local government -magistrate, Northern German, Southern German and Rhine burgomaster. The following stages of local government evolution in Brandenburg were proposed: establishment of cities as autonomous centers of political, economic and cultural life; development of governance under the conditions of Magdeburg Law; transformation of local government in grassroots super centralized governance of Prussia; development of magistrate management type and establishing foundations of a modern model of local self-governance in Brandenburg; municipal system in terms of totalitarianism; implementation of modern municipal reform.The study shows the latest trends of municipal government were shown. It was found that the municipal structure of the majority of federal states was based on the Southern German model. It is implemented in two ways: »council -mayor with one management center» and »council -mayor with dual management center.» The necessity to study the efficacy and feasibility of using elements of the German sy...

The article identifies the main elements of the concept of integrated city development, which forms a modern tool of informal regulation that takes into account the main challenges and needs of the city. The aim of the article is to study the current state of integrated urban development and outline the relevant areas of urban development. The methodological basis of the research in the analysis of the essence and significance of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine as a supreme state body with a special status. The application of the historical-logical method, the empirical basis for the research was the legal acts regulating the activity of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine and the basic principles of organization of state power in Ukraine. A complex and comprehensive approach to regulating the development of the city in accordance with the principles of participative management is presented. That is why at all stages of development of the Concept of integrated development of the city the interested parties and inhabitants of the city need to actively express their own thoughts concerning the future development, to bring the ideas and wishes. There are many opportunities for this, in particular, holding integrated development forums, numerous round tables, workshops, information meetings in the city's neighborhoods, urban festivals, and more. The vision of the city and the system of goals are the Concept core of integrated city development. They are developed on the basis of a preliminary analysis of various spheres of the city's life, its features and determine the nature and direction of further action on the city's development. A separate, main component of the concept of integrated city development is the vision of the city and the system of goals, which are developed on the basis of a preliminary analysis of various spheres city's life. There are also key areas of activity that offer approaches that will best meet the needs of current and future residents in a comfortable and safe living.

The purpose of the article is to examine the Russian threat to Ukraine’s state sovereignty and its impact on Poland’s national security; to underline that Russia intends to take revenge for its defeat in the Cold War, to regain control over the former Soviet Union republics, to defeat the USA and EU, and to establish control in the territory of the Eurasian continent. The research hypothesis is that the main purpose of Russia’s foreign policy is the reconstruction of a neo-imperial state, Ukraine’s reintegration into the post-Soviet space, and ensuring Russia’s domination in the region. The research task was completed using the research methods of a detailed study of sources and literature and a critical analysis of the information available to the author. Conclusions: Russia is trying to take revenge for its defeat in the Cold War, to regain control over the former Soviet Union republics, to defeat the West, and to establish control over the Eurasian continent. Russia considers Ukraine and Poland as dangerous agents of Atlanticism. That is why the Russian Eurasian geopolitical project aims for the Ukrainian and Polish states to be neutralized in a radical way. To this end, Russia has started a “hybrid war” against Ukraine. Poland and the Baltic countries will be the next targets of Russian aggression. It is profitable for Russian neo-imperialism to destroy trust and the strategic partnership between Poland and Ukraine, and to act in accordance with the divide-and-conquer algorithm. In such circumstances, Ukraine and Poland need to work out a new “Doctrine of restraining Russia’s aggression,” to pursue gradual and coordinated policy for the sake of the victory over Russian neo-imperialism and the dismantlement of the Russian imperial social system. The article describes the peculiarities of the modernization of the Russian imperial system at the present stage, analyzes the content of the Russian neo-imperialistic policy against Ukraine, Poland and the West, the reasons for the failure of Ukraine to neutralize Russian expansion, and also shows possible geopolitical consequences for the national security of Poland in the event of the successful implementation of Russia’s geopolitical strategy.