Aluminum is a potent neurotoxin used in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD), in which oxidative stress mediates tissue pathogenesis in vivo. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a glutathione precursor with reported antioxidant and neuroprotective potentials. Recent therapy for combating AD is known to provide only symptomatic relief thus necessitating the discovery of new drugs and their mechanism of action. This study was aimed to demonstrate the in vivo neuroprotective effect of NAC against aluminum (Al 3+ )-induced neuro-degeneration in rats (a model for AD). Twenty-five (25) adult male Wistar rats used for this study were divided into 5 groups: Group A = Control, B = Aluminum chloride (200 mg/kg), C = 1000 mg/kg of NAC + Aluminum chloride (200 mg/kg), D = 1000 mg/kg of NAC, E = Aluminum chloride (200 mg/kg) was orally administered daily for 3 weeks and discontinued for one week. Frontal Cortex harvested for histological analysis using Haematoxylin and Eosin stain, Cresyl Fast Violet stain for Nissl granules and Glial fibrillary acidic protein immunohistochemistry specific for astrocytes. Aluminum significantly induced oxidative stress, coupled with marked neurons necrosis, chromatolysis and gliosis in the frontal cortex, upon NAC administration, there was neuro anti-inflammatory response as seen in the significant reduction in astrocytes expression, neuronal cell death and Nissl body aggregation which attenuates neuropathological deficits induced by Al 3+ . It was shown that aluminum is a neurotoxin mediating AD-like oxidative stress, NAC has a therapeutic potential associated with its potent in vivo interaction with astrocytes in response to Al 3+ neuroinflammation seen in positive expression of Nissl granules and glial cells in addition to possibility of endogenous glutathione neuroprotection after withdrawal of stress mediator in neurodegeneration.

Background: Nandrolone Decanoate (ND) artificial testosterone in the steroid forum is of significant effect essential in clinical settings for the treatment of chronic diseases. Its mechanism of action is apparent by binding to receptor complexes such as hormones producing anabolic and androgenic effects. Objectives: To research the effects of ND on the reproductive system of Adult Wistar rats as well as on the voice of female Wistar rats exposed to the physical and non-physical activity. Methods: In this experimental study, 12 models (6 males, 6 females) received 5mg/kg BW of Deca Durabolin base on their weight indicating a normal dose once a week for four weeks. The Active models were subjected to aerobic swimming as the physical activity. Results: Female voice sounds decrease progressively from a sharp whistle-like sound to blunt and finally dull sounds. Also, the histological analysis revealed that the inactive males were with reduced spermatogenic activities, hyperplasia of the interstitial cell of Leydig with congested blood vessels in the testis while the inactive female analysis revealed foci of congestion around the cortical and medullary regions of the ovary. The histological analysis of the active males revealed reduced germ cells in the seminiferous tubules, sloughing of the germinal epithelium and interstitial edema of the testis, while the ovary revealed well-defined blood vessels within the medulla and medullary congestion. Conclusion: Administrationof Nandrolone Decanoate was associated with deleterious effects on active and inactive models on the testis, ovaries,and, voice.

Objective: Both tattoo and body piercing have a long history and are well known in various cultures in African, American, Asia, and Oceania. Although the appearance of the two varies geographically, they always possess a specific meaning for a particular culture. This study examined awareness, attitude, and knowledge of students towards tattooing and body piercing in Delta State University, Abraka. Nigeria.Material and Methods: Data was collected through the use of well-structured questionnaires. The study made use of 400 young adults randomly selected from six faculties in Delta State University, Abraka.Result and Discussion: Findings revealed that the majority of students (85%) are aware of tattoo and body piercing and 31.3% gave fashion as the main reason why they engage in body modifications. It was however observed that 40% of the subjects under survey regard their colleagues involved in tattooing and body piercing as irresponsible and reckless.Conclusion: The study gave a growing convergence on both gender toward tattooing and a sharp difference in the involvement of both gender towards body piercing. Majority of these young adult are also aware of the health risks associated with body modifications and may not consider them in future.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 06 No. 01 January’22 Page: 24-29

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