No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Serum nitrite/nitrate (NOx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of 40 male alcoholic patients and 14 healthy male controls were investigated. Severity of alcohol withdrawal in alcoholic patients was evaluated by using the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA-Ar) scale just before taking the blood samples. NOx levels in serum samples were determined based on the reduction of nitrate to nitrite by vanadium chloride. MDA levels were also determined spectrophotometrically at 540 nm. The total CIWA-Ar score of alcohol-withdrawn patients was found to be 17.7. NOx and MDA levels were significantly increased in alcoholics during alcohol withdrawal as compared to control subjects. In conclusion, we observed increased serum NOx levels and lipid peroxidation during alcohol withdrawal in alcoholic patients.

Electrochemical reduction of cephalosporanic acid derivatives ( I ) bearing various substituents at the 3-position gave the corresponding 3-methylenecepham derivatives (11). a new class of cephalosporins. Reductive opening of the 3-hydroxymethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid lactone ( I V ) was effected to give (11) by cathodic reaction. The 3-methylenecepham derivatives (11) were readily isomerized to the 3-methyl-3-cephern derivatives (111) providing a new synthesis of cephalexin [7-(D-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido)-3-methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid] ( I I I c ) . The reaction mechanism is discussed on the basis of deuteriation and polarography of the cephalosporins involved.IN a preliminary communication,l we reported that electrochemical reduction of cephalosporanic acid derivatives (I) produced 3-methylenecepham derivatives (II),?: a novel class of cephalosporins, which were isomerized to the corresponding 3-methyl-3-cephem derivatives (HI), and provided an alternative route to cephalexin (IIIc).l Although extensive work * has been done on cephalosporin chemistry, to our knowledge no report has appeared on the electrochemistry of cephalo-sp0rins.s The present electrochemical reduction produces a new class of cephalosporins, 3-methylenecephams (11) under mild conditions, and this paper j-The 3-methylenecepham derivatives (11) have also been synthesized by CrII reduction of (I) in our laboratories.2The stereochemistry of (11) at the 4-position has been determined.3 5 Polarography of cephalosporin derivatives was studied only from analytical ~tandpoint.