Through this study, the actual conditions of transition of residents' organizations and activities related to community revitalization, the details of activities, and the actual conditions of operation were clarified. The following elements were extracted as factors to promote residents' activities.・Visualization of specific goals ・Knowledge and skills to achieve the goals • Implementation plan based on reconstruction goals and regional conditions Based on the above, it is necessary to study the establishment of a bottom-up regional revitalization approach..

This study captures the spatial characteristics and techniques of modern Chinese commercial housing by investigating the development of modern commercial housing in China and sales center, a special architectural space type, under the unique cultural society background. Through the investigation and classification of the approach space's constitutive character which is constituted by the entrance space, circulation path space and the elevation includes the main entrance of the main building in the sales center, 12types of spatial composition and diversified spatial characteristics are obtained, that illustrated the Development tendencies of modern commercial housing and urban mainstream residential space in China.

After the tsunami of the Great East Japan Earthquake, various projects have been pushed forward for early restoration while they don't necessarily restore former town-scapes which was entirely transformed. Some local people are worried about losing their memories of hometown in course of recovery. This essay examines, how they could retrive and transmit memories of their lost towns to next generations through the workshops to build 1:500 restoration models on the central districts (Machikata area) at Otsuchi town in Iwate prefecture. The result enables us to explore memories of town space and means to share and utilize them.

The reorganization of residential areas through mass relocation has had three impacts on the living environment of the village.1．Due to the reduction in the area of the site, the residential space has lost the room for inviting non-family members. The number of houses with gardens and fields has also decreased.2．As the density of housing has increased, more people are concerned about the view from the outside. As a result, many houses close their curtains.3．The trust among residents is still high today.

Gathering and public spaces, along with infrastructure and houses, are demolished because of disasters, which weakens the community ties. Different approaches, such as government-led and community-driven, to recovery initiate the recovery of gatherings and public spaces, and the long-term impact of each recovery approach on community recovery may not be overseen. This study attempts to determine incorporation of community participation in different recovery approaches and its corresponding result in the production of gathering spaces, based on two main background theories: Arnstein’s ladder of citizen participation and Henri Lefebvre’s production of space triad. We attempted to determine the results by reviewing case studies with different recovery processes after the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami-2011 and through interviews and questionnaire surveys. The results showed that the production of gathering spaces may be associated with the recovery scenario in each case study. In community-driven cases, the main gathering spaces are small open spaces, evenly superimposed and accessible, and diverse in spatial configuration, provide services for the users at a good level, and are in a sync with other gathering spaces. By contrast, in government-led cases, gathering spaces contain primary and secondary spaces that lack connections with each other. These main gathering spaces are centralized near disaster public housing sites, are highly accessible to disaster public housing residents, provide a high range of leisure-based activities, and provide services to users from inside and outside of the communities. These main gathering spaces are extended by inclusive open space (Hiroba) and this spatial planning is closer to the concept of public spaces compared to others.