These results indicate that downregulation of ANP receptors coupled to guanylate cyclase may occur in the peripheral vascular beds of patients with chronic severe CHF.

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Plasmaless etching using ClF3 gas around room temperature has been investigated for the silicon substrates with the various thicknesses of native oxide. The native oxide can be removed with ClF3 gas. A specular surface is obtained by ultraviolet light irradiation which remarkably accelerates the removal of the native oxide without changing the etch rate of silicon. The etched surface is analyzed with Auger electron measurement, indicating the existence of Cl atoms on it.

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) [similar to human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8)] and consisting of malignant cells existing only in the body's fluid cavities, such as the pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal cavities and the scrotum, without a primary tumor mass formation and lymph node enlargement was defined by the World Health Organization classification system of hematologic neoplasms in 2001 [1]. PEL is rarely encountered in cardiovascular departments and is not widely recognized by cardiologists. In addition, PEL-like lymphoma (PEL-LL), which presents with a large B-cell neoplasm similar to that of PEL, but not infected with HIV and HHV-8, is also a rare disease. The diagnosis of PEL and PEL-LL is difficult, especially in patients presenting only with pericardial effusion without pleural effusion or ascites, and requires