Cthe volume reduction between y CH2 and y CH-C. It is asserted that the CH2 value appears to show progressively higher values throughout any homologous series, owing to interference effects.In 1945 Gibling (19) reviewed his proposed method of calculation on the basis of data for the normal alkanes reported by Quayle, Day, and Brown (45). Parachor reductions observed in homologous series are by this new concept due to overlapping of spheres of influence of non-linked atoms. Gibling makes corrections for these overlappings and terms the newly calculated values "reduced parachors." These "R. P." values fora seriesof successive branchings have a constant increment of 2.2 in the reduction caused by the branching.Gibling proposes for the calculation of the parachors of normal paraffins the equation:where C = 55.2 (CH3 contribution), k = 39.8 (CH2 contribution), / = 1.0004165, and n is the number of carbon atoms. The value of 2C + (n -2)k is taken as the reduced parachor, R. P. (preferred to the earlier name, "standard value" or S. V.). R. P. values are allotted to the different groups formed in the molecules of paraffins and olefins and certain interference reductions are assessed. The CH2 differences starting at 39.9 for = 2 or 3 would become 40.2 for = 10 or 11; for = 2 to 12 the mean CH2 would be somewhat more than 40.0; for = 59 or 60 it would be 41.8, with the mean just under 40.9 between n -2 and 60.Gibling asserts that the magnitude of the CH2 increment depends upon the magnitude of the parachors but is independent of the type of compound; expansion occurs at exactly the same rate for various homologous series.Gibling further finds that a second correction value in addition to the "interference correction" is necessary. He terms this an "expansion correction" or E. C. The following equations define the reduced parachor, the calculated parachor, P, and the expansion correction, E. C.:The reduced parachors were derived from values in A List of Parachors compiled by the British Association for the Advancement of Science3 with revision whenever warranted by more recent values. These R. P. values have been found to be truly additive and constitutive functions. However, Gibling's apportionment of a parachor value to a group which involves the linkage of heterogeneous atoms cannot be effected by using available data. For instance, to obtain a value for (C)-O-(C) as in dimethyl ether it was necessary to arbitrarily allot to

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Glycerol α,γ‐Dichlorohydrin product: Glycerol α,γ‐dichlorohydrin

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