Large vapor cloud explosions (VCEs) and deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) events are of considerable interest to the petroleum refining and chemical processing industries. A detonation results in a very high flame speed and can significantly increase explosion energy and decrease standoff distance, increasing the blast load. Potential mitigation options to limit VCE severity include multiple simultaneous ignition sources to limit flame travel distance, suppressants to limit flame speed, and controlling the congested volume geometry to limit the flame travel distance. Another approach is minimizing the flame travel distance to free vent. Some VCE blast load prediction methods consider flame travel distance within a congested volume, but not the distance to free vent (D FV ). Decreasing the D FV limits flame acceleration and decreases the potential for a DDT. High fuel reactivities and elevated congestion/confinement levels require smaller distances to free vent. This paper describes a test program to demonstrate this mitigation option using near-stoichiometric ethylene-air mixtures in an elongated test rig configured with a medium level of congestion to determine the free vent distance required to prevent a DDT. Test program results, associated Flame Acceleration Simulator predictions, and potential areas for future research are included.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.