Diospyros digyna (black sapote) is a fruit of
the Ebenaceae family. Its cultivation is centered in different regions
of America, particularly in Mexico, where it originated. The main
use of this fruit is for direct consumption or as an ingredient for
making desserts. In spite of its nutritional characteristics, its
rate of consumption is very low, providing an opportunity to make
novel ready-to-eat or processed products. Some compounds found in
the fruit, such as phenolic compounds and carotenoids, give it its
characteristic dark brown color. Due to the content of vitamin C,
vitamin E, and calcium, among other nutrients, black sapote could
be considered a functional food. This review describes different aspects
of the fruit: its origin, changes in its physicochemical characteristics
during the growth and ripening of the fruit, pigments, and sensory,
bioactive, and nutritional characteristics. It also summarizes different
studies that mention its use for treating some ailments and its use
as an antimicrobial.
La microencapsulación (ME) permite la incorporación de ingredientes alimentarios en pequeñas cápsulas. Asimismo, favorece la conservación de sabores, aromas y compuestos como acidulantes, antioxidantes y vitaminas, así como algunos alimentos y materiales incluyendo aceites y microorganismos. La ME es una tecnología que puede contribuir al procesamiento de los alimentos al preservar su contenido nutricional, coadyuvar con una liberación controlada en la formulación y facilitar su manipulación. La liberación oportuna de los microencapsulados mejora la eficacia de los aditivos, amplía el campo de aplicación de los ingredientes alimentarios y asegura la dosis óptima, mejorando así la rentabilidad para el fabricante de alimentos. Por lo tanto, en esta revisión se describen brevemente algunos aspectos relacionados con la ME mediante el secado por aspersión, materiales encapsulados y encapsulantes, algunas experiencias exitosas de la ME y su uso en la tecnología de los alimentos.
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