Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) was, declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO) on 11th March 2020, which has posed innumerable challenges for the medical fraternity. To overcome these obstacles healthcare professionals, engineers and industries like robotics, Artificial Intelligence (AI), 3 Dimension (3D) printing etc., are coming up with innovations that can assist them in administering critical care to COVID patients, restart health services for non-COVID patients, combat the spread of the disease, restart elective services and above all protect themselves while treating others. This article is a narrative review of the developments in the field of robotics and AI, improvements in ventilators and critical care facilities, measures taken to spread awareness and the need of such innovations, their benefits and effectiveness in relation to the current scenario. Articles regarding advancements during COVID months of March-May 2020 were searched on the internet and references giving medical evidence of the suitability of these innovations were added from PubMed and Google Scholar search engines, wherever necessary. Knowing the need and principles of such medical innovations which can help in improving the current practices or replace them with even better technologies are the need of the hour.

Poster session 2, September 22, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Objective The study aims to generate preliminary data about post-COVID pulmonary fungal infections in the Himalayas and analyze patients’ micro-radio-clinical profiles and outcomes. Methodology We conducted a retrospective study at a tertiary care teaching hospital in the Himalayas to generate preliminary post-COVID pulmonary fungal infection data. Sputum, Endotracheal Tube (ET), and Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples of patients sent to the Mycology laboratory were subjected to KOH mount and aerobic inoculation on Sabouraud dextrose agar plates at 37°C. The patients’ symptoms, diagnosis, clinical-radiological profile, and outcome were collected from the hospital database. Results Among n = 16 cases of post-COVID pulmonary fungal infections aged 53 +/- 13.38 years, n = 7 (43.75%) had Pulmonary Aspergillosis (n = 5 A. fumigatus, n = 1 A. flavus, n = 1 A. niger), n = 5 (31.25%) had Pulmonary Mucormycosis (Rhizopus arrhizus), and n = 4 (25%) had mixed infection. In 2 of 4 mixed infection patients, R. arrhizus was identified on KOH microscopy and A. fumigatus on SDA Agar. Both A. fumigatus and R. arrhizus were identified on KOH Microscopy of the third patient, while only A. fumigatus was cultivated on his SDA Agar. Aspergillus flavus and R. arrhizus were isolated simultaneously from the sample of the last patient, but only R. arrhizus was identified on KOH Microscopy. Clinical symptoms were similar among Pulmonary Aspergillosis and Mucormycosis patients, but hemoptysis was reported only among Pulmonary Aspergillosis patients. Pre-existing co-morbid end-organ damage, AKI, CKD, CLD, COPD, and CAD was more common among Pulmonary Mucormycosis patients and rare among Pulmonary Aspergillosis patients. Treatment requirements and clinical outcomes of patients infected with either mold were similar. The clinical profile of mixed infection patients was notably different from the others. All the patients were males, none complained of chest pain or expectoration, and none had a history of PTB, AKI, CKD, CLD, COPD, or CAD. Only 2 (50%) mixed infection patients needed supplemental high flow oxygen, unlike all (100%) patients diagnosed with single mold infection. None of the mixed infection patients required steroids. Moreover, none of the mixed infection patients died, unlike 60% mortality in cases of single-species infections. On radiological investigation, n = 6 had typical thick-walled cavitary lesions with air-fluid levels and multiple centrilobular nodules giving a tree in bud appearance, of which n = 4 had bilateral lung involvement, and n = 2 had only one lung involved. n = 1 patient had a well-circumscribed lung abscess. Conclusion COVID patients from the Himalayas had a higher prevalence of invasive pulmonary fungal infections, probably due to the dense surrounding vegetation. The immuno-compromised state following COVID-19 infection/treatment might be responsible for the progression of regular exposure to invasive pulmonary infection.

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Purpose: This study focuses on assessing the effectiveness of near-peer teaching, small group discussions, and hands-on assignments in enhancing the scientific writing knowledge & skill of a cohort of Indian medical students.Method: 175 medical students were randomly selected from a 516 membered FORLER (Fundamentals of Research Learning and Educational Reform) interest cohort for hands-on near-peer training in medical scientific writing. The participants attended weekly near-peer lectures and participated in biweekly in-group discussions over 5 weeks focused on Narrative Reviews, Original Articles, Case Reports, Short Communications, & Systematic Reviews. Participants were regularly evaluated following Kirkpatrick’s model of evaluating training.Results: N=135 medical students aged 20 ± 1.3 yrs (17-23 yrs); 56.29% females completed all the assignments in FORLER. Amotivation decreased & attitude towards research improved significantly (p<0.05) after the workshop. The theoretical understanding of the students of all 5 forms of scientific writing improved significantly. A significant (p=0.047) moderate direct (P=0.639) correlation was also observed between the increase in confidence and overall increase in test scores. Post-FORLER manuscripts were scored significantly (p<0.05) higher (by expert double-blind reviewers) than pre-FORLER manuscripts in all forms of scientific writing except Case reports.Conclusion: A combination of near-peer teaching, small group discussions, and manuscript writing exercises lead to a statistically significant increase in scientific writing knowledge and skills. Higher confidence levels were reported after the training initiative. A decrease in amotivation was also observed with participants favoring integration of similar initiatives into the undergraduate training framework.

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