The present study has examined the utility of the electronic billboards (EBBs) as a public service announcement (PSA) tool in the Holy Mosque area, Makkah Al-Mukarramah. Data were gathered from a non-probability sample of the Omrah pilgrims on the use, perceptions, and recall of the EBB messages. In-depth interviews with informants were also used to help interpret the data. Pilgrims' attention to the billboards and their recall of the messages were used as factors of billboard utility and effectiveness. On the basis of frequency distribution analysis coupled with simple elaboration through contingency and partial contingency tables, and zero-order and 5 th order partial correlations, the study concludes that despite their potential for high effectiveness the EBBs are not producing much of an impact on the pilgrims. Recommendations are proffered on how best to improve the EBBs utility as a PSA tool for the pilgrims.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the effective use of interactive touch-screen technology by pilgrims and the umrah performers, during the Hajj and Umrah rituals. The study relied on a media survey methodology. A questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data. A total of 400 pilgrims and Umrah performers participated in the study. The study drew from the uses and gratifications approach. Results indicated that the bulk of pilgrims and the umrah performers are active and heavy users on using the interactive touch screens technology. Moreover, the findings confirmed that there is a strong correlation between the intensity of usage of touch-screen technology by pilgrims as well as Umrah performers, and their demographic variables. More importantly, the findings revealed that touch screens’ usage increased the spread of awareness, guidance, and information among pilgrims and Umrah performers about the Hajj and Umrah rituals.

The purpose of the current study was to reveal the role played by mobile exhibitions such as modern techniques using stereoscopic imaging technology (zebra and hologram) in enriching the knowledgeable experience of the pilgrims and Umrah visitors by providing awareness and guidance and contributing to the performance of their rituals from the beginning of their arrival to the end. A random sample of 400 Umrah performers and pilgrims (200 males and 200 females) were selected. The study used quantitative research methodology in the form of a survey. Results indicated that the dependence on hologram technology increased the level of awareness and guidance between the pilgrims preforming the rituals in the two holy mosques.