Precision agriculture, making use of the spatial and temporal variability of cultivable land, allows farmers to refine fertilization, control field irrigation, estimate planting productivity, and detect pests and disease in crops. To that end, this paper identifies the spectral reflectance signature of brown rust (Puccinia melanocephala) and orange rust (Puccinia kuehnii), which contaminate sugar cane leaves (Saccharum spp.). By means of spectrometry, the mean values and standard deviations of the spectral reflectance signature are obtained for five levels of contamination of the leaves in each type of rust, observing the greatest differences between healthy and diseased leaves in the red (R) and near infrared (NIR) bands. With the results obtained, a multispectral camera was used to obtain images of the leaves and calculate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The results identified the presence of both plagues by differentiating healthy from contaminated leaves through the index value with an average difference of 11.9% for brown rust and 9.9% for orange rust.

Palabras claves: Síndrome de la hoja amarilla, variables climáticas, fi toplasma, Brix.

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