In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based cold chain technology for vaccine cooling track. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the death of millions of people. An important step towards ending the pandemic is vaccination. Vaccines must be kept under control temperature during the whole process, from fabrication to the hands of the health professionals who will immunize the population. However, there are numerous reports of vaccine loss due to temperature variations, and, currently, people getting vaccinated have no control if their vaccine was kept safe. Blockchain is a technology solution that can provide public and verifiable records. We review the World Health Organization (WHO) cool chain and Blockchain technology. Moreover, we describe current IoT temperature monitoring devices and propose Blockcoldchain to track vaccine cold chain using blockchain, thus proving an unalterable vaccine temperature history. Our experimental results using smart contracts demonstrate the system's feasibility.

A tecnologia blockchain está modificando a forma de gerenciar cadeias de suprimentos e tem potencial para gerar efeitos benéficos no ramo alimentício aumentando a confiabilidade dos dados de rastreabilidade. Este trabalho apresenta uma arquitetura para rastrear a cadeia produtiva do leite que utiliza a tecnologia blockchain para armazenar e validar os dados coletados nos vários pontos de controle do produto, oferecendo maior confiabilidade e transparência às transações. A solução é viável no cenário de rastreabilidade do leite, uma vez que a integração dos componentes foi realizada de forma adequada às necessidades e apresenta baixo impacto nos serviços já existentes.

In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based cold chain technology for vaccine cooling track. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the death of millions of people. An important step towards ending the pandemic is vaccination. Vaccines must be kept under control temperature during the whole process, from fabrication to the hands of the health professionals who will immunize the population. However, there are numerous reports of vaccine loss due to temperature variations, and, currently, people getting vaccinated have no control if their vaccine was kept safe. Blockchain is a technology solution that can provide public and verifiable records. We review the World Health Organization (WHO) cool chain and Blockchain technology. Moreover, we describe current IoT temperature monitoring devices and propose Blockcoldchain to track vaccine cold chain using blockchain, thus proving an unalterable vaccine temperature history. Our experimental results using smart contracts demonstrate the system’s feasibility.

The study of ethics in computer science has gained significant attention in the past decade, particularly with the emergence of new artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Issues such as Privacy, Fairness, and Transparency are receiving greater attention from researchers and the debate surrounding them is gaining momentum. Despite this attention, practical applications of ethical issues within the software development process are lacking. Our purpose is to present a literature overview, identify gaps and suggest areas for future research. For this, we present a tertiary mapping of the literature summarizing the main advances in dealing with ethics in the software development process. We collected and analyzed 8 secondary studies to gain an understanding of this research domain. Among our conclusions, we found that more research efforts are needed to address ethics beyond the software requirements activities.

O compartilhamento de registros eletrônicos de saúde é extremamente importante para a melhoria e agilidade dos procedimentos médicos em relação ao paciente. Estes registros são considerados altamente críticos em relação à segurança e o acesso a eles deve ser controlado de forma segura e eficaz. O controle desses dados pode ser realizado de maneira tradicionalmente centralizada, porém, com a utilização da tecnologia blockchain, o controle dos registros se torna seguro, transparente e com histórico das transações. Neste artigo, apresentamos uma estrutura para a utilização de blockchain no controle de acesso e compartilhamento de registros eletrônicos de saúde. Essa estrutura é capaz de manter o controle de posse dos dados por meio de autorização e revogação de permissões relacionadas aos dados individualizados de maneira simples e eficiente. O controle das permissões centrado no paciente resultou em vantagens de segurança em relação à legislação e ao compartilhamento fragmentado dos dados entre paciente, médicos e instituições de saúde.