ABSTRACT. Artificial drainage is a common agricultural practice in Lithuania. In this country, the total drained land area occupies 47% of the total land area and 87% of the agricultural land area. Therefore, this article presents recent research findings on agricultural drainage in Lithuania related to the practices designed to reduce nutrient, i.e., nitrogen (N)
In this study, physico-chemical properties of raw and roasted tigernut oils extracted by two different solvents were determined. Peroxide values of raw and roasted tigernut oils extracted by petroleum ether and n-hexane solvents changed between 0.83 and 0.91 meqO/100g to 1.57 and 1.63 meqO/100g, respectively. While oleic acid contents of raw tigernut oils extracted by petroleum ether and n-hexane are determined as 66.83 and 67.47%, oleic acid contents of roasted tigernut oils extracted by petroleum ether and n-hexane were determined as 67.08 and 68.16%, respectively. The highest δ-tocopherol content was found in raw tigernut oil extracted by petroleum ether (54.91 mg/100g), while the lowest level is determined in roasted tigernut oil by n-hexane (50.77 mg/100g). As a result, the fatty acid profiles of roasted tigernut oil extracted by n-hexane were higher compared to results of raw tigernut oils extracted by petroleum ether (p < 0.05).
Agricultural producers to determine irrigation scheduling practices for crop‘s waterrequirement better when the soil water content of their fields is known. SelyaninovHydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) coefficient is used for identifying droughts duringthe active vegetation period, based on the water balance equation. For farmers tomake measurements of soil moisture is simply with humidity sensors, for exampleWatermark type. Soil humidity values established using Watermark type humiditysensors, value interpretations are based on manufacture indications, however theyhave not been adapted to Lithuanian conditions. Soil moisture was measured withWatermark soil moisture sensors placed at 20 and 50 cm depths. After analysingthe values taken throughout the whole period and summarizing the results it hasbeen identified that plant growth condition period evaluation according to HTC andfactual soil humidity reserves (W) differs by 20%. HTC meaning dependenciesduring vegetation period using Watermark measured humidity, strong or averagelystrong interrelation is determinate, in most cases – statistically significant. Whenevaluating soil humidity reserves based on soil texture, it is recommended to keepthe critical Watermark level in light texture soil (sands) at 80 cbar, and in all othertypes of soil - at 150 cbar. The results clearly indicate that soil composition couldbe factors limiting the success of identifying droughts in agriculture carried byWatermark type humidity sensors.
Lithuania and Bosnia and Herzegovina are considered as countries with high vulnerability and low adaptive capacity to cope with climate change. The entire territory of these countries is characterized by the warming trend, with positive trends in both the maximum and the minimum temperatures throughout the year. The increase in air temperature has resulted in change of evapotranspiration and mean annual water balance values. These countries are also frequently faced with an occurrence of severe droughts and heavy floods. The main purpose of this study was to determine and compare the severity of changes in mean annual water balance for two humid climatic zones, in order to understand how different areas of similar climate characteristics react to climate change and to analyze the significance of their influence. Monthly weather data from two weather stations, Kaunas (Lithuania) and Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina), for the time period of 30 years (1988 -2017) were used to determine and analyze the mean annual water balance. The results indicate that climate change has a different effect on the water balance of these two humid areas. Both locations showed a positive trend of reference evapotranspiration, with an increase of 1.450 mm year -1 to 1.503 mm year -1 . However, the total runoff and soil moisture deficit are decreasing in Kaunas (-0.480 mm and -2.114 mm year -1 , respectively), while they are increasing in Sarajevo (0.492 mm and 0.485 mm year -1 , respectively).
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