Patients with minimal leaks in the absence of systemic infection can be managed conservatively. For cases of large fistulas with systemic infection, we recommend partial or total removal of the fixation devices, direct suture of the oesophageal defect and coverage with tissue flaps.

No abstract

True short oesophagus is present in 57% of type III-IV and in none of type II HHs. The intraoperative measurement of the submerged intra-abdominal oesophagus is an objective method for recognizing these patients.

NCT01606449.