Summary Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have recently attracted considerable attention owing to their wide range of applications. However, there are several challenges, such as mobility, routing, scalability, quality of services, and security. Clustering is an important control mechanism in high‐mobility networks and has been verified to be a promising approach in VANETs as well, as it ensures a basic level of network performance. Accordingly, several clustering algorithms have been proposed for these networks, and different protocols typically focus on various performance metrics. In this study, we provide a thorough review of clustering algorithms in VANETs. First, we present background material regarding the clustering process. Secondly, we propose a new taxonomy that categorizes clustering algorithms in VANETs based on different design aspects and provides a description of the algorithms in each category. Thirdly, an analysis of the algorithms in each category is provided according to various comparison metrics. Fourthly, we highlight the main challenges for each category and discuss some open research issues. Finally, we provide a general comparison of different clustering algorithms according to selected key parameters. Thus, this study provides a more thorough understanding of VANET clustering algorithms and the research trends in this area.

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Purpose This paper is a review of a number routing protocols in the internet of vehicles (IoV). IoV emphasizes information interaction among humans, vehicles and a roadside unit (RSU), within which routing is one of the most important steps in IoV network. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors have summarized different research data on routing protocols in the IoV. Several routing protocols for IoV have been proposed in the literature. Their classification is made according to some criteria such as topology-based, position-based, transmission strategy and network structure. This paper focuses on the transmission strategy criteria. There exist three types of protocols that are based on this strategy: unicast protocol, broadcast protocols and multicast protocols. This later type is classified into two subclasses: geocast and cluster-based protocols. The taxonomy of the transmission strategy is presented in this study. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each type with a general comparison between the five types. Findings The authors can deduce that many challenges are encountered when designing routing protocols for IoV. Originality/value A simple and well-explained presentation of the functioning of the IoV is provided with a comparison among each categories of protocols is well presented along with the advantages and disadvantages of each type. The authors examined the main problems encountered during the design of IoV routing protocol, such as the quick change of topology, the frequent disconnection, the big volume of data to be processed and stored in the IoV, and the problem of network fragmentation. This work explores, compares existing routing protocols in IoV and provides a critical analysis. For that, the authors extract the challenges and propose future perspectives for each categories of protocols.

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