Points •Although the diagnosis of phyllodes tumor (PT) is not challenging, a comprehensive histopathological examination with multiple sampling when considering the coexistence with carcinoma is necessary.• Not only full examination of the stromal component, but also meticulous microscopic examination, may be useful to detect a possible invasive focus of epithelial origin. •The presence of ductal carcinoma in PTs is clinically significant as it may alter treatment.• Surgeon, radiologist and pathologist should take great care in phyllodes tumors larger than 4 cm and showing sudden growth.

Non-germ cell testicular tumors are rarely seen. Sex-cord stromal tumors, which make up the majority of testicular tumors other than germ cell tumors, share common immunohistochemical and histomorphological features. Our aim in presenting this case is to define the Sertoli cell nodule (SCN), which is one of the relatively rare primary testicular pathologies that can be detected in half of adult undescended testes, with its histomorphological and immunohistochemical features, and to make its differential diagnosis.