The purpose of this study has focused on what kind of impact rewards and supervisor support has on turnover intentions that had been developed by university lecturers and how affective commitment plays a mediating role in the reduction of turnover intentions by university lecturers in universities of Islamabad. The quantitative technique was used to collect data from a sample of 278 university lecturers of both public and private universities in Islamabad through close-ended questionnaires. Stratified simple random sampling technique was implemented in this study. The data was analyzed through correlation and regression analysis while using SPSS. For mediation, the Preacher and Hayes Test has been used to check the mediation effect of affective commitment between independent and dependent variables used in this study. Findings show that rewards and supervisor support played a pivotal role in the reduction of turnover intentions among lecturers and developed a stronger level of affective commitment for their respective universities.

The rise of digitalization has brought new challenges to the business world. E-commerce operations are growing as a result of digitalization, which is transforming traditional business processes, methods, and products into new ones. To address the global challenges posed by e-commerce and changes in markets, firms rely heavily on business innovation. Firms must be able to function under societal and operational challenges, as well as have the ability to integrate local knowledge with other types of expertise. Frugal innovation focuses on societal and operational issues and challenges as beginning points for innovative ideas that could ultimately drive for sustainable development. This chapter is about a mapping of the literature by focusing on certain research areas: the structure and identifying patterns of how the frugal innovation, social transition, and business sustainability are related in the digital era.

The chapter is about the importance of green human resource management practices opted by the chain hotels and the budget hotels of Europe and their role in sustainability of the hospitality sector of Europe. The tourism of any country relies on the hospitality industry where the main issue is the usage of natural resources on large quantity and less awareness of green initiatives and renewable resources. Most of the hotels globally are owned by family businesses, and in most cases, the owners aren't aware of how many natural resources are being consumed, and how, by adoption of the green initiatives, they can reduce the emission of CO2, excess usage of water and electricity, wastage control, and participate in sustainability of their environment. The authors suggest the immediate need of government involvement and their leading role so that these family business hotels can use renewable energy resources and try to get the title of “eco-friendly” or “green.”

The chapter is about the role of frugal innovation and how it improves overall quality of life in digital era. The development of any state depends upon the level of advanced technology, but all states are not in a sound enough condition to use expensive technology to enhance quality of life. Therefore, such economies go towards the idea of frugal innovation where it offers ‘low price' solutions that provide quality products and improve standard of living. It also focuses on the idea of environmental protection as well. This chapter focuses on how frugal innovation can reduce the emission of carbon dioxide, wastage, excess usage of water, and participate in environmental sustainability. This chapter suggests the need of scientists and researchers and their leading role in enhancing frugal innovation

The chapter is about the role of frugal innovation and social sustainability in emerging nations and how it facilities the lives of people in developing countries. The development of any state depends upon the level of advanced technology, but all states are not in sound enough condition to use expensive technology to enhance quality of life. Therefore, such economies go towards the idea of frugal innovation where it offers ‘low price' solutions that provide quality products and improves standard of living. This chapter focuses on how frugal innovation can provide latest technologies to people with limited resources. This chapter suggests the need of scientists and researchers and their leading role in order to enhance frugal innovation.