This article presents a critical analysis of Society 5.0 in the context of the East-West conflict. Society 5.0, which emerged with Japan’s claim of dominance over the world and leadership over the West, envisages the construction of a new community in which advanced technologies are integrated into social life. The authors evaluate the changes based on westernization, modernization, and risk society in the first section of the article, taking into account Japan’s historical process. The second section discusses the effects of technological changes and advancements on social structure. The third section examines the targets proposed by Society 5.0 within the context of all these points. In this direction, comparative perspectives were considered. According to the study’s findings, Society 5.0 is more in line with the goals of global actors and may cause new structural problems for non-Western societies due to differences in the establishment of the social structure and their sociological background.