PurposeTo compare the critical shoulder angle (CSA), acromion index (AI), acromion angulation (AA) and glenoid version angle (GVA) between patients with full‐thickness rotator cuff tears (RCTs) and patients with intact rotator cuffs. MethodsBetween 2014 and 2018, the CSA, AI, AA and GVA were measured in consecutively included patients aged > 40 years who underwent shoulder arthroscopy for full‐thickness RCTs. A total of 437 patients with RCTs and a mean age of 51.2 years (± 5.8) were included, 35.7% of whom were male. In the control group, there were n = 433 patients (36.3% male) with an intact rotator cuff, and the mean age was 50.7 years (± 5.3). ResultsThe mean AI for the RCT group was 0.7 ± 0.1, which was significantly higher than the mean AI for the control group (0.6 ± 0.1, p < 0.001). The mean CSA for the RCT group was 33.6° ± 3.9°, which was significantly higher than the mean CSA for the control group (31.5° ± 4°, p < 0.001). The mean AA for the RCT group was 13.9° ± 9°, which was significantly higher than the mean AA for the control group (12.4 ± 8.6, p = 0.012). The mean GVA for the RCT group was − 3.5° ± 4.6° and significantly retroverted compared with the mean GVA for the control group (− 2.2° ± 4.6°, p < 0.001). The cutoff values determined by the ROC curve analyses were as follows: 0.6 for AI, 31.4° for CSA, 9.6° for AA and − 2.6° for GVA. ConclusionThe CSA, AI, GVA and AA values measured by MRI were determined to be significantly related to full‐thickness rotator cuff ruptures. The AI, CSA, AA and GVA may be considered risk factors for degenerative rotator cuff tears. Assessing the CSA, AI, GVA and AA can be helpful for diagnostic evaluation of patients with full‐thickness RCTs. Level of evidenceIII.

In this study, it is aimed to examine the mediating role of school principals' management styles in the relationship between teachers' motivation and organizational commitment. In the study, teachers working at all levels of education in public schools in the city center of Isparta in the 2021/2022 academic year constitute the universe. Simple random sampling method was preferred in the selection of the study group and data were collected from 962 teachers who volunteered. At the end of the extreme values, normality and multiple normality controls in the data set, 933 teachers were determined as the study group of the research. The perceived principal management style scale developed by Üstüner (2016), the organizational commitment scale for teachers developed by Üstüner (2009) and the adult motivation scale developed by Tulunay Ateş and İhtiyaroğlu (2019) were used as data collection tools in the research. The model established regarding the mediating role of management style in the relationship between teachers' motivation and organizational commitment was tested with the structural equation model. The demographic information, reliability coefficients and correlation values between the variables of the research participants were analyzed by SPSS 22, and the structural equation modeling was analyzed by LISREL 8.80. According to the research findings, relations between teachers' motivation, organizational commitment and perceived principal management style were determined. In addition, according to another finding of the research, the perceived principal management style has a partial mediating role in the relationship between teachers' motivation and organizational commitment. According to these findings, it can be interpreted that the effect of school principals' management style should be taken into account in increasing teachers' motivation and organizational commitment.

In this study, we investigated the affect and the role of growth factors on liver damage. 110 Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into 11 groups: a sham group, a control group, HGF, EGF, IGF, TGF groups of irreversible jaundiced rats and a control group and HGF, EGF, IGF, and TGF groups of reversible jaundiced rats (n = 10). In the irreversible jaundiced groups, the common bile duct was explorated, double ligated, and cut. 150 μg/kg/day HGF, 5 μg/kg/day EGF, 5 μg/kg/day IGF, and 5 μg/kg/day TGF β-1 were injected intraperitoneally after the seventh post-operative day. In the reversible jaundiced group, the common bile duct was ligated and the ligation was resolved on the seventh post-operative day. For 5 days, growth factors were injected at the same dose. Ductal proliferation scores significantly decreased after growth factor administration in the EGF-A and TGF-A groups. Furthermore, ductal proliferation was decreased in the TGF-B group. As a result of this study, HGF was effective in the irreversible jaundiced groups and ineffective in the reversible jaundice groups. EGF was effective in the reversible jaundiced groups and ineffective in the irreversible jaundiced groups. In both the irreversible jaundiced and reversible jaundiced groups, IGF was ineffective, although TGF β-1 was effective. We believe that these results arise from the positive effects of effective doses of growth factor on liver damage.

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