This study developed a model oriented to organisational integrity in service in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). A systemic approach was adopted to articulate methodologies as follows: A) the soft systems methodology was used to frame the problem and formulate a conceptual model (supported by 140 participants). B) Partial least squares path modelling was applied statistically to validate the construct. C) Through the viable system model, interactions within SMEs were realigned to foster organisational integrity. Results suggest that the relationships proposed in the construct may promote organisational integrity. The ideas developed are restricted to the organisational domain, and although the results apply to the Mexican context, this possible constraint was overcome through the adopted multi-methodological perspective. This study provides an opportunity to discuss methods for improving and viewpoints for rethinking viability in these organisations and provides tools to support academics and managers for addressing the issues identified.
This paper explores the use of remote sensing techniques for the planning of sustainable crops in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Colombia), in areas affected by deforestation caused by the spread of illicit crops. Remote sensing, digital cartography and satellite images were used to identify the places affected with coca crops; followed by a vegetation quality analysis using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). This observation, combined with the test and modelling of environmental indices such as, hydrometeorological parameters (temperature, precipitation and relative humidity) were used to select sustainable crops to be considered in a simulation model for the study area. The results revealed that the range of NDVI index where coca crops are found is between 0.36 to 0.51; In addition, the results of the mathematical programming model recommend that mechanized rice, plantain and cassava should be cultivated, as substitute alternatives that maximize the profits and availability of farmers, according to the agroclimatic conditions that allow the development of sustainable crops.The analytic protocol and the results of this work have the potential to better inform illegal crop substitution policy, the strategic planning of economic inclusion for the affected communities, and to inform and optimize the impact of field interventions, both, in the short and long term.
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