The article presents an update on the concurrence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and gallstone disease (GSD), on the mechanisms for the development of GSD in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM), on the risk factors of DM in GSD. The role of diabetic autonomic neuropathy of the gallbladder in the development of cholelithiasis is assessed in patients with T2DM. The impact of impaired secretion of neurohormones in the gastrointestinal tract in the development of DM in GSD is analyzed.