We investigate the influence of annealing conditions on the physical properties of thin films of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS). In particular, we describe how annealing temperature, the ambient gas, and choice of dopant affect the conductivity, morphology, and work function of the films. Two specific dopants are considered, sorbitol and glycerol, and broad guidelines are developed for using PEDOT/PSS as a hole‐injection electrode in polymeric light‐emitting devices, solar cells, and photodetectors.

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Laser cooling in fluid solutions of the laser dye rhodamine 101 in acidified ethanol has been observed when the molecule is excited into the low-energy tail of the absorption spectrum, at energies in the region 585−1593 cm-1 lower in energy than the 0−0 band origin at 590 nm. The most efficient cooling is achieved when the laser is tuned to 615 nm when a net cooling power of 0.37 mW per 100 mW of pumping power is observed. In this paper, details leading up to this unique observation are documented:  in particular, the quantum efficiencies in highly concentrated solutions and the characterization of anti-Stokes fluorescence as a nonintrusive temperature sensor.

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