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Despite the larger treated volume, WP-IMRT/PB allows more rectal sparing than P-3D-CRT.

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To evaluate whether androgen deprivation impacts late rectal toxicity in patients with localised prostate carcinoma treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. One hundred and eighty-two consecutive patients treated with 3DCRT between 1995 and 1999 at our Institution and with at least 12 months follow-up were analysed. three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy consisted in 70 -76 Gy delivered with a conformal 3-field arrangement to the prostate+seminal vesicles. As part of treatment, 117 patients (64%) received neo-adjuvant and concomitant androgen deprivation while 88 (48.4%) patients were continued on androgen deprivation at the end of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy as well. Late rectal toxicity was graded according to the RTOG morbidity scoring scale. Median follow up is 25.8 (range: 12 -70.2 months). The 2-year actuarial likelihood of grade 2 -4 rectal toxicity was 21.8+3.2%. A multivariate analysis identified the use of adjuvant androgen deprivation (P=0.0196) along with the dose to the posterior wall of the rectum on the central axis (P=0.0055) and the grade of acute rectal toxicity (P=0.0172) as independent predictors of grade 2 -4 late rectal toxicity. The 2-year estimates of grade 2 -4 late rectal toxicity for patients receiving or not adjuvant hormonal treatment were 30.3+5.2% and 14.1+3.8%, respectively. Rectal tolerance is reduced in presence of adjuvant androgen deprivation.