The results of changes in the yield and quality of pear fruit on the clone rootstock of A quince grown again after a logged-off old pear tree garden using optimum levels of N and K2O content in the rooting soil layer in the presence of P2O5 in it more optimal level without fertilizers are given. Norms of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are calculated on the basis of agrochemical soil analyzes in such quantities to compensate for the lack of N-NO3 (in terms of nitrification capacity of the soil) and available K2O forms for plant nutrition and bring their content to the optimal levels determined by studies for apples and recommended for pears. The studies have established that pear fertilizers are calculated on the basis of agricultural chemical analysis of soil with fertilizer standards containing only those elements and in such quantities that are not sufficient in the soil for optimal nutrition of trees, contribute to a significant increase in the yield of fruits with less technological costs. Accordingly, higher profitability of production and safety for the ecological state of the environment are ensured, compared to the annual introduction of the recommended norm of N90Ð60Ê90.
An indicator of the condition of plants, depending on the growing conditions, is the state of their leaf apparatus, which is described by the content of chlorophyll and nutrients in the leaf. The leaf of an apple-tree provides synthesis of organic substances, productivity of fruit trees depends on features of its vital activity. As a method of diagnosing the mineral nutrition of fruit crops, the chemical analysis of the leaves is important, the indicators of which reflect the levels of plant nutrients. The results of studies of chlorophyll content and nutrients in the leaves of apple trees of Calville Blanc d'hiver on seed and Idared on seed and vegetative M4 rootstocks in re-grown plantations on mineral nutrition, created by long-term (over 86 years) application of various systems of comfort podzolized soil. Longterm use of organic and organo-mineral fertiliser systems contributed to an increase in chlorophyll content (a+b) in the leaves of Idared apple trees on seed and clone M4 rootstocks and Calville Blanc d'hiver on seed rootstock at different age periods of growth and fructification, which conditioned their further productivity. The content of macronutrients in the leaves of the studied cultivar combinations depended on the age of plantations and fertiliser options. In the most productive period of fructification in the leaves of Idared trees on seed and vegetative rootstocks, the nitrogen content in the areas of fertiliser options was within optimal limits. Among the studied rootstocks in the variant without fertilisers, the highest nitrogen content in the leaves was described by trees on the seed rootstock. In the leaf of the Calville Blanc d'hiver variety, the nitrogen content on the seed rootstocks in the studied variants was within the optimal range, and among the fertiliser variants the highest was for the application of mineral fertilisers. The content of phosphorus and potassium in the leaves of the trees of the studied rootstock combinations in the areas of fertiliser variants was within optimal limits
The results of the study of productivity (growth and yield) of pear trees of Tavriyska and Maria varieties on a vegetative stock of quince BA-29 grown on ordinary chernozem in the western region of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine are considered, depending on the rate of potassium fertilizer calculated on the basis of agrochemical analyzes for bringing the K 2 O content in the root zone to the optimum level if it contains optimal levels of N-NO 3 (according to the soil nitrification capacity) and P 2 O 5 without fertilizer, as well as from a combination of optimized fertilizers with foliar fertilizing with complex preparations Reakom-plus (garden), Wuksal Microplant and Bioheliat Fruit and Berry Cultures. Top dressing was carried out on two backgrounds of soil nutrition with the main macroelements-NPK: optimized with optimal levels of N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O and unoptimized with optimal levels of N and P 2 O 5 and insufficient content of K 2 O. Optimization of the mineral nutrition of pear trees contributed to a significant increase in the trunk circle by 24-26%, the total growth of annual shoots by 23-24%, leaf surface area by 20-21%, crown volume by 21-24%, crown projection area by 24% and yield by 24-13%. The greatest indicators of growth and yield were provided by the combined use of optimized fertilizer and foliar feeding of trees with the complex fertilizer preparation Wuxal Microplant, during which the increase in circumference of the trunk of Tavriyska trees increased in comparison with the control on a non-optimized background without a foliar feeding of 37,6% and a variety
професор, Уманський національний університет садівництва С. О. Петренко кандидат с.-г. наук, Одеський державний аграрний університет В. С. Слюсаренко аспірант, Одеський державний аграрний університет УРОЖАЙНІСТЬ І ЯКІСТЬ ПЛОДІВ ГРУШІ ЗА ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ҐРУНТОВОГО УДОБРЕННЯ ТА ПОЗАКОРЕНЕВОГО ПІДЖИВЛЕННЯ Анотація. Розглянуто результати досліджень про зміни показників плодоношення насадження та товарної якості плодів груші сорту Таврійська на вегетативній підщепі айва ВА-29, вирощуваної на чорноземі звичайному в західному регіоні Південного Степу України, залежно від удобрення нормами добрив, розрахованими за результатами агрохімічних аналізів ґрунту для доведення вмісту К 2 О в кореневмісному шарі до оптимального рівня за наявності в ньому оптимальних рівнів Ы-ЫО 3 і Р 2 0 5 без удобрення. На двох ґрунтових фонах: оптимізованому (з оптимальними рівнями Ы, Р 2 О 5 і К 2 О) та неоптимізованому (з оптимальними рівнями N і Р 2 О 5 та недостатнім вмістом К 2 О) проводилось дослідження впливу позакореневого підживлення трьома комплексними удобрювальними препаратами: Реаком плюс (сад-город), Вуксал Мікроплант і Біохелат «Плодово-ягідні культури».На оптимізованому фоні ґрунтового живлення дослідних дерев головними макроелементами (ЫРК) підвищенню їхньої продуктивності найбільше сприяло позакореневе підживлення удобрювальним препаратом Вуксал Мікроплант-урожайність збільшилась на 33,5%, порівняно з її рівнем на неоптимізованому фоні без підживлення. Товарність плодів також була вищою-вихід вищого і першого товарних сортів більший на 6,5%.
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