Інститут тваринництва степових районів імені М. Ф. Іванова «Асканія-Нова»-Національний науковий селекційно-генетичний центр з вівчарства вул. Cоборна, 1, смт Асканія-Нова, Чаплинський р-н, Херсонська обл., 75230, Україна Висвітлено сучасний стан галузі вівчарства в державних підприємствах дослідних господарствах системи Національної академії аграрних наук, розроблено пропозиції щодо подальшого розвитку та формуванню виробничого напряму вівчарства. Наведено результати експедиційного обстеження чотирнадцяти дослідних господарств, загальна площа сільськогосподарських угідь яких становить 72,5 тис. га, з них 5,8 тис. пасовищ. У господарствах утримують 10,9 тис. гол овець, у т.ч. 5,4 тис. вівцематок. Викладено заходи щодо реалізації завдань з розвитку галузі вівчарства в усіх обстежених дослідних господарствах.

For the first time, the genetic structure of sheep breeds (Ascanian Fine-Fleeced, Ascanian Meat-and-Wool, AND Ascanian Karakul) and the hybrid Ascanian Fine-Fleeced × Texel was studied for structural gene variants: growth hormone, calpastatin, myostatin, and Booroola bone morphogenetic protein. In all studied groups, sheep were characterised by polymorphism of two loci, growth hormone and calpastatin. Two genotypes (A/A, A/B) represent genes of growth hormone structure, and three (M/M, M/N, N/N) represent genes of calpastatin structure. Other genes are in a monomorphic state. Analysis of the genetic relationships between the studied gene pools showed that there was a definite relationship between productivity of sheep herds and their molecular genetic parameters. Thus, the frequencies of individual genotypes and alleles change in the direction from Fine-Fleeced animals to sheep bred for meat productivity. For example, the heterozygous genotype A/B proportion of growth hormone gene increases in this direction from 0% to 38.2%, and allele A from 0.083 to 0.191. The live weight of Fine-Fleeced lambs with geno-type A/B at birth was 4.5 kg, and with homozygous genotype A/A — 4.9 kg (p < 0.001). This difference is genetically related to the meat productivity of sheep. A similar relationship was established for young Ascanian Karakul sheep. According to the distribution of polymorphic loci variants, the gene pools of Ascanian Meat-and-Wool breed and cross-bred animals are most similar closest among themselves, which is explained by the same direction of their productivity. At the same time, all populations are in genetic equilibrium according to Hardy-Weinberg equations, which indicates a high level of their consolidation. Sheep, which have the A/A homozygote of the gene growth hormone, have increased body weight.

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The purpose. To generalize results of reaching of scientists of IAHSZ "Askania-Nova" in branch of animal husbandry and to light problems and prospects of scientific researches in modern economic and nature-climatic conditions in Ukraine. Methods. Selection-genetic, immune-genetic, genetic-biochemical, population-genetic, technological, biometric. Results. Results are given of work of scientists of the Institute in selection, genetics and technology of animal husbandry of South region of Ukraine, as well as problem and perspectives of branch in modern economic and nature-climatic conditions. Series of highly productive gene pools of animals in sheep breeding, cattle husbandry and swine breeding which make the basis of genetic resources in region, and for sheep breeding -in the state as a whole, had been created during existence of the institute. Modern selection-genetic methods and methodology of development of existing and creation of new breeds, types and lines of animals, technologies of production and processing of products of sheep breeding, modern biogeotechnology of duplicating valuable genotypes are developed. Use of scientific developments provides high level of productivity of branch and short terms of their pay-back. Conclusions. Scientists of IAHSZ "Askania-Nova" (centre of science selection in the south of Ukraine) developed a series of selection-genetic, technological, biotechnological methods, techniques, system of assessment and development of genotypes of animals. That allowed creating of domestic highly productive, adapted to extreme natural-climatic conditions of the region gene pools of cattle (milk and meat directions of productivity), sheep and pigs. Today these animals make the basis of genetic resources of animal husbandry of the state. Their use promotes recovery of separate branches, in particular sheep breeding, and others -to increase production of highprotein food stuffs, including produce of organic direction.